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Review
. 2023 Jul 28;9(8):798.
doi: 10.3390/jof9080798.

Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto Antifungal Resistance Mechanisms and Associated Epidemiology

Iacopo Franconi  1 , Cosmeri Rizzato  1 , Noemi Poma  2 , Arianna Tavanti  2 , Antonella Lupetti  1
Affiliations
Review

Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto Antifungal Resistance Mechanisms and Associated Epidemiology

Iacopo Franconi et al. J Fungi (Basel). .

Abstract

Fungal diseases cause millions of deaths per year worldwide. Antifungal resistance has become a matter of great concern in public health. In recent years rates of non-albicans species have risen dramatically. Candida parapsilosis is now reported to be the second most frequent species causing candidemia in several countries in Europe, Latin America, South Africa and Asia. Rates of acquired azole resistance are reaching a worrisome threshold from multiple reports as in vitro susceptibility testing is now starting also to explore tolerance and heteroresistance to antifungal compounds. With this review, the authors seek to evaluate known antifungal resistance mechanisms and their worldwide distribution in Candida species infections with a specific focus on C. parapsilosis.

Keywords: Candida parapsilosis; antifungal resistance; antifungal susceptibility tests; antifungal tolerance; epidemiology of antifungal resistance; heteroresistance.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Overview of azole-resistance mechanisms in C. parapsilosis sensu stricto.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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