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. 2023 Aug 25;38(1):193.
doi: 10.1007/s10103-023-03849-4.

Raman spectroscopy to discriminate laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma from non-cancerous surrounding tissue

Cornelia van Lanschot  1   2 , Tom Bakker Schut  3 , Elisa Barroso  3   4 , Aniel Sewnaik  5 , Jose Hardillo  5 , Dominiek Monserez  5 , Cees Meeuwis  5 , Stijn Keereweer  5 , Rob Baatenburg de Jong  5 , Gerwin Puppels  3 , Senada Koljenović  6   7   8
Affiliations

Raman spectroscopy to discriminate laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma from non-cancerous surrounding tissue

Cornelia van Lanschot et al. Lasers Med Sci. .

Abstract

As for many solid cancers, laryngeal cancer is treated surgically, and adequate resection margins are critical for survival. Raman spectroscopy has the capacity to accurately differentiate between cancer and non-cancerous tissue based on their molecular composition, which has been proven in previous work. The aim of this study is to investigate whether Raman spectroscopy can be used to discriminate laryngeal cancer from surrounding non-cancerous tissue. Patients surgically treated for laryngeal cancer were included. Raman mapping experiments were performed ex vivo on resection specimens and correlated to histopathology. Water concentration analysis and CH-stretching region analysis were performed in the high wavenumber range of 2500-4000 cm-1. Thirty-four mapping experiments on 22 resection specimens were used for analysis. Both laryngeal cancer and all non-cancerous tissue structures showed high water concentrations of around 75%. Discriminative information was only found to be present in the CH-stretching region of the Raman spectra of the larynx (discriminative power of 0.87). High wavenumber region Raman spectroscopy can discriminate laryngeal cancer from non-cancerous tissue structures. Contrary to the findings for oral cavity cancer, water concentration is not a discriminating factor for laryngeal cancer.

Keywords: High wavenumber; Larynx; Raman spectroscopy; Squamous cell carcinoma.

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Conflict of interest statement

Tom Bakker Schut and Gerwin Puppels are the employees of RiverD International B.V. Senada Koljenović, Gerwin Puppels, Tom Bakker Schut, and Rob Baatenburg de Jong have ownership interest in RiverD International B.V. RiverD International B.V. has supplied the Raman spectrometer that was used in this study.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
An overview of a single mapping experiment. A The resection specimen was cut open for intra-operative assessment of the resection margins. B A tissue section with tumor and non-cancerous surrounding tissue was obtained for the Raman experiment. C This Raman section was inserted into a cartridge and the whole area was measured. D The HE-stained Raman section with annotation of the different tissue types. E The Raman spectra measured for the Raman section. F Areas with unambiguous histopathology were selected for Raman analysis. G Raman water map with water distribution and projected histological annotation. Black pixels correspond to absence of tissue or to spectra with low Raman signal quality. H CH-stretching region PCA map and projected histological annotation. Black pixels correspond to absence of tissue or to spectra with low Raman signal quality
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Histograms of the water concentration for the different tissue types
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
CH-stretching region of the spectra used for LDA. Left panel: mean spectra per tissue type. Right panel: the solid lines denote the differences with tumor for different tissue types and the dotted lines denote the ± standard error of the mean for the different tissue types
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Left panel: ROC curve of leave-one-map-out validation on the model set; right panel: ROC curve of external validation using the independent data set
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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