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Case Reports
. 2023 Oct:88:103730.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103730. Epub 2023 Aug 10.

Extended accelerated tDCS and correction of prediction error signalling in Schizophrenia with atypical hallucinations: A case report

Logesh Kanakaraj  1 , Swarna Buddha Nayok  2 , Anushree Bose  3 , Harsh Pathak  1 , Kiran Basawaraj Bagali  1 , Vanteemar S Sreeraj  1 , Venkataram Shivakumar  4 , Ganesan Venkatasubramanian  1
Affiliations
Case Reports

Extended accelerated tDCS and correction of prediction error signalling in Schizophrenia with atypical hallucinations: A case report

Logesh Kanakaraj et al. Asian J Psychiatr. 2023 Oct.
No abstract available

Keywords: Atypical hallucinations; Mismatch negativity; Schizophrenia; Short-term plasticity; Transcranial direct current stimulation.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest None.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Roving MMN (rMMN) profile of the patient at pre-acctDCS, post-acctDCS-1st course and post-acctDCS-2nd course. rMMN is a nuanced measure of prediction error; contingent upon repetition positivity (RP) and deviant negativity (DN) profiles. The expected RP profile is supposed to be RP33<RP8<RP3 in the order of increasing negativity of N1 amplitude; the greater the number of repetitions, the stronger the memory trace and the less negative/more positive the N1 amplitude. The reverse is true for DN and MMN; the expected pattern is DN33>DN8>DN3 and MMN33>MMN8>MMN3 in the order of decreasing negativity of N1 amplitude. The magnitude of prediction error signalling is higher when the train of preceding standard stimuli is longer. At baseline/pre-acctDCS, the rMMN profile of the patient is notably impaired [Figure 1(a)]. MMN33 amplitude is notably suppressed, indicating a significant deficiency in prediction error. Post acctDCS 1st course, a discernible improvement in the DN and MMN profiles can be noted, though the RP profile is still disrupted [Figure 1(b)]. Post acctDCS 2nd course, a definitive correction in the RP profile alongside partial correction of DN and MMN profiles [Figure 1(c)] is evident. Though the ideal pattern of DN33>DN8>DN3 and MMN33>MMN8>MMN3 in the order of decreasing negativity of N1 amplitude is not achieved, the DN33 and MMN33 amplitudes are no longer attenuated as they were at baseline, indicating enhancement of prediction error signalling.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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