'Spikeopathy': COVID-19 Spike Protein Is Pathogenic, from Both Virus and Vaccine mRNA

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic caused much illness, many deaths, and profound disruption to society. The production of 'safe and effective' vaccines was a key public health target. Sadly, unprecedented high rates of adverse events have overshadowed the benefits. This two-part narrative review presents evidence for the widespread harms of novel product COVID-19 mRNA and adenovectorDNA vaccines and is novel in attempting to provide a thorough overview of harms arising from the new technology in vaccines that relied on human cells producing a foreign antigen that has evidence of pathogenicity. This first paper explores peer-reviewed data counter to the 'safe and effective' narrative attached to these new technologies. Spike protein pathogenicity, termed 'spikeopathy', whether from the SARS-CoV-2 virus or produced by vaccine gene codes, akin to a 'synthetic virus', is increasingly understood in terms of molecular biology and pathophysiology. Pharmacokinetic transfection through body tissues distant from the injection site by lipid-nanoparticles or viral-vector carriers means that 'spikeopathy' can affect many organs. The inflammatory properties of the nanoparticles used to ferry mRNA; N1-methylpseudouridine employed to prolong synthetic mRNA function; the widespread biodistribution of the mRNA and DNA codes and translated spike proteins, and autoimmunity via human production of foreign proteins, contribute to harmful effects. This paper reviews autoimmune, cardiovascular, neurological, potential oncological effects, and autopsy evidence for spikeopathy. With many gene-based therapeutic technologies planned, a re-evaluation is necessary and timely.

Keywords: COVID-19; autopsy; biodistribution; inflammation; lipid-nanoparticles; mRNA vaccines; pathology; pharmacovigilance; spike protein; transfection.

Figure 1

NSW Australia hospitalisations, ICU admissions and deaths last 6 weeks 2022 by vaccination status. NSW Health. Bar charts derived from the numbers in official government report excerpt of posted as Figure 2 [21].

Figure 1

NSW Australia hospitalisations, ICU admissions and deaths last 6 weeks 2022 by vaccination status. NSW Health. Bar charts derived from the numbers in official government report excerpt of posted as Figure 2 [21].

Figure 2

NSW Australia COVID-19 hospitalisations, ICU admissions, deaths, last 2 weeks 2022. NSW Health. From Table 1 of NSW Covid weekly data overview last 2 weeks 2022. Note that regional councils analysis of same data removed for space reasons. Used under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. © State of New South Wales. For current information go to www.nsw.gov.au. [21].

Figure 2

NSW Australia COVID-19 hospitalisations, ICU admissions, deaths, last 2 weeks 2022. NSW Health. From Table 1 of NSW Covid weekly data overview last 2 weeks 2022. Note that regional councils analysis of same data removed for space reasons. Used under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. © State of New South Wales. For current information go to www.nsw.gov.au. [21].

Figure 3

Diagram of various proteins of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Reprinted from News-Medical.net (accessed on 26 April 2023) Cuffari (2021): What are spike proteins? (with permission, license from Shuttercock). [27].

Figure 4

Structure of 2019-nCoV S in the prefusion conformation. (A) Schematic of 2019-nCoV S primary structure coloured by domain. Domains that were excluded from the ectodomain expression construct or could not be visualised in the final map are coloured white. SS, signal sequence; S2′, S2′ protease cleavage site; FP, fusion peptide; HR1, heptad repeat 1; CH, central helix; CD, connector domain; HR2, heptad repeat 2; TM, transmembrane domain; CT, cytoplasmic tail. Arrows denote protease cleavage sites. (B) Side and top views of the prefusion structure of the 2019-nCoV S protein with a single RBD in the up conformation. The two RBD down protomers are shown as cryo-EM density in either white or gray and the RBD up protomer is shown in ribbons coloured corresponding to the schematic in (A). Reprinted from [26] Figure 1, Copyright (2022) with permission.

Figure 5

Biodistribution of lipid-nanoparticle in rat, Pfizer study November 2020. From TGA FOI reply 2389-6 [5] (p. 45).

Figure 6

Slide 16 FDA’s VRBPAC meeting, Oct. 2022 [99].

Figure 7

A. Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in cardiac tissue after COVID-19 vaccination. (A–C) Representative immunohistochemical stainings of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in EMBs from patients diagnosed with DCMi after receiving Comirnaty^® (panel (A,B), patients 5 and 10) or Vaxzevria^® (panel (C), patient 13). (D) SARS-CoV-2-positive cardiac tissue served as positive control. Magnification 400×. Scale bars 20 μm. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [103]. Copyright 2022 MDPI.

Figure 8

Histologic and molecular correlates of COVID-19 in human brains. Panel (A) shows the microvessels in normal brain. In comparison, many of the capillaries in COVID-19 brain tissues show marked perivascular oedema (panel (B)). Serial section analyses of the COVID-19 brain shows that the endothelial cells of the microvessels contained the spike glycoprotein (panel (C)), the ACE2 receptor (panel (D)) and IL 6 (panel (F)), but not viral RNA (panel (E)). The fluorescent yellow signal marks co-localisation of the spike protein with IL6 (panel (G)) and caspase 3 (panel (H)), respectively, in these endothelial cells. Each magnification is 800× with DAB (brown) signal (panels (C–F)) or Fast Red (red) (panel D). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.). Reprinted from Annals of Diagnostic Pathology, Vol. 51, Nuovo GJ, Magro C, Shaffer T. et al., Endothelial cell damage is the central part of COVID-19 and a mouse model induced by injection of the S1 subunit of the spike protein. Figure 1, 151682, Reprinted with permission from Ref. [243]. Copyright (2020) Elsevier.

Figure 9

Spike protein in blood vessel wall from Burkhardt (2022a) [247].

Figure 10

Spike protein in brain tissue from Burkhardt (2022b) [248].