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. 2023 Aug 20;13(16):2679.
doi: 10.3390/ani13162679.

Home Sweet Home: The Impact of Lifestyle on a Cat's Approach to Impossible Tasks in the Home Environment

Anna Scandurra  1 , Alfredo Di Lucrezia  1 , Biagio D'Aniello  1 , Claudia Pinelli  2
Affiliations

Home Sweet Home: The Impact of Lifestyle on a Cat's Approach to Impossible Tasks in the Home Environment

Anna Scandurra et al. Animals (Basel). .

Abstract

Cat welfare is a topic of growing interest in the scientific literature. Although previous studies have focused on the effects of living style (i.e., indoor/outdoor) on cat welfare, there has been a noticeable dearth of analysis regarding the impact of lifestyle on cats' inclination and mode of communication with humans. Our research aimed to analyze the possible effect of lifestyle (e.g., living indoors only or indoor/outdoor) on cat-human communication. The cats were tested using the impossible task paradigm test, which consists of some solvable trials in which the subject learns to obtain a reward from an apparatus, followed by an impossible trial through blocking the apparatus. This procedure triggers a violation of expectations and is considered a useful tool for assessing both the decision-making process and the tendency to engage in social behaviors towards humans. A specific ethogram was followed to record the behavioral responses of the cats during the unsolvable trial. Our results show the effects of lifestyle and age on domestic cats, providing valuable insights into the factors that influence their social behaviors. Cats that can roam freely outdoors spent less time interacting with the apparatus compared to indoor-only cats. Additionally, roaming cats showed stress behaviors sooner following the expectancy of violation compared to indoor cats. The lifestyle of cats can influence their problem-solving approach while not affecting their willingness to interact with humans or their overall welfare. Future studies on this topic can be useful for improving the welfare of domestic cats.

Keywords: cat; home environment; impossible task; indoor-outdoor; living condition; well-being.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Experimental area with the owner, apparatus, and cat during the unsolvable trial.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Graphical representation of the behaviors (gaze and physical interaction) directed to apparatus and owner recorded for all cats in the unsolvable trial. Behaviors were expressed as percentage of the time.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Graphical representation of physical interaction with the apparatus (duration, (A)) and stress behaviors (latency, (B)) recorded for indoor and roaming cats in the unsolvable trial. Black rectangles represent medians; boxes indicate the quartiles from 25 to 75%; thin vertical lines show minimum and maximum values. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.
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