Bioactive Compounds of Portuguese Fruits with PDO and PGI

Abstract

The European Union has established two designations, Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI), to guarantee the authenticity of products with valued specificities associated with the regions where they are produced. The valorization of these products, particularly fruits, not only preserves their natural origins but also promotes the cultivalion of specific regional fruit varieties. This contributes to the preservation of biodiversity and the development of innovative bio-based products in the regions of production. In recent years, substantial efforts have been made to characterize PDO and PGI fruits, particularly in relation to the presence of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Portugal, with its diverse range of climates and geographical characteristics, is home to numerous fruits with unique flavors, textures, and appearances, many of which are now recognized with PDO or PGI seals. This review compiles data from the production of Portuguese fruits with PDO designations, such as the 'Maça Bravo de Esmolfe' (apple) and 'Pera Rocha do Oeste' (pear), and PGI designations, such as 'Citrinos do Algarve' (citrus)and 'Cereja da Cova da Beira' (cherry), and summarizes studies focusing on the bioactive compounds present in these fruits. The presence of bioactive compounds is a significant aspect of nutritious food, associated with health benefits that consumers are increasingly aware of and value.

Keywords: PDO; PGI; Portuguese fruits; bioactive compounds; high value bioeconomy; phenolics compounds.

Figure 1

Geographical distribution of ‘Maçã Bravo de Esmolfe’ PDO (apple). Adapted from [27].

Figure 2

Geographical distribution of ‘Cereja Cova da Beira’ PGI (cherries). Adapted from [38].

Figure 3

Geographical distribution of ‘Azeitona Galega da Beira Baixa’ PGI (olives). Adapted from [44].

Figure 4

Geographical distribution of ‘Azeitona de Conserva de Elvas eCampo Maior’ PDO (canned olives). Adapted from [45].

Figure 5

Geographical distribution of ‘Citrinos do Algarve’ (citrus fruits). Adapted from [52].

Figure 6

Geographical distribution of ‘Pera Rocha do Oeste’ PDO (pear). Adapted from [60].

Figure 7

Geographical distribution of ‘Amêndoa Douro’ PDO (almond). Adapted from [68].

Figure 8

Geographical distribution of ‘Anona da Madeira’ PDO (cherimoya). Adapted from [73].

Figure 9

Geographical distribution of ‘Pêssego da Cova da Beira’ PGI (peach). Adapted from [80].