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. 2023 Aug 7;10(8):1356.
doi: 10.3390/children10081356.

Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) and Behavior Impairment: Comorbidity or Specific Profile?

Daniela Pia Rosaria Chieffo  1   2 , Valentina Arcangeli  1 , Federica Moriconi  1 , Angelica Marfoli  1 , Federica Lino  1 , Sofia Vannuccini  1 , Elisa Marconi  1 , Ida Turrini  3 , Claudia Brogna  3 , Chiara Veredice  3 , Alessandro Antonietti  4 , Gabriele Sani  5 , Eugenio Maria Mercuri  2
Affiliations

Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) and Behavior Impairment: Comorbidity or Specific Profile?

Daniela Pia Rosaria Chieffo et al. Children (Basel). .

Abstract

Introduction: Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in perceiving and processing verbal and non-verbal information. It is usually accompanied by impaired academic skills leading to school dropout and emotional disturbances, resulting in significant distress and behavioral problems.

Methods: A cognitive, academic, and emotional-behavioral assessment was performed at T0 and T1 in children and adolescents with SLD. Participants received psychotherapy and speech therapy treatment from T0 to T1.

Results: In SLD, the most compromised cognitive functions were working memory and writing skills. An impact on academic abilities was found. Children and adolescents with SLD experience greater anxiety and depression levels compared to their control peers.

Conclusions: SLD may adversely influence psychological well-being. To counteract such a consequence, more specific cognitive and academic skill-oriented strategies should be taken into consideration.

Keywords: SLD; behavior impairment; cognitive profile; literacy skills; specific learning disorder; working memory.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cognitive evaluation at T0.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Academic achievement at T0.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Emotional and behavioral evaluation at T0.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Cognitive evaluation at T1.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Academic achievement at T1.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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