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Review
. 2023 Aug 18;13(8):1765.
doi: 10.3390/life13081765.

The Underrated Gut Microbiota Helminths, Bacteriophages, Fungi, and Archaea

Maria Jose Garcia-Bonete  1 , Anandi Rajan  1 , Francesco Suriano  1 , Elena Layunta  1   2
Affiliations
Review

The Underrated Gut Microbiota Helminths, Bacteriophages, Fungi, and Archaea

Maria Jose Garcia-Bonete et al. Life (Basel). .

Abstract

The microbiota inhabits the gastrointestinal tract, providing essential capacities to the host. The microbiota is a crucial factor in intestinal health and regulates intestinal physiology. However, microbiota disturbances, named dysbiosis, can disrupt intestinal homeostasis, leading to the development of diseases. Classically, the microbiota has been referred to as bacteria, though other organisms form this complex group, including viruses, archaea, and eukaryotes such as fungi and protozoa. This review aims to clarify the role of helminths, bacteriophages, fungi, and archaea in intestinal homeostasis and diseases, their interaction with bacteria, and their use as therapeutic targets in intestinal maladies.

Keywords: dysbiosis; gut–microbiota interactions; intestinal diseases; intestine; microbiota; therapeutic strategies.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Representation of the underrated microorganism of the human gut microbiota.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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