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. 2023 Aug 8;28(16):5944.
doi: 10.3390/molecules28165944.

Molluscicidal and Cercaricidal Effects of Myrciaria floribunda Essential Oil Nanoemulsion

Francisco Paiva Machado  1   2 , Diogo Folly  1   2 , Ricardo Esteves  1   2 , Bettina Monika Ruppelt  1 , Victoria Marques da Silva  1 , Ana Paula Dos Santos Matos  3 , José Augusto Albuquerque Dos Santos  4 , Leonardo da Silva Rangel  4   5 , Marcelo Guerra Santos  6 , Natalia Lidmar von Ranke  7 , Carlos Rangel Rodrigues  7 , Eduardo Ricci-Junior  3 , Leandro Rocha  1 , Robson Xavier Faria  4
Affiliations

Molluscicidal and Cercaricidal Effects of Myrciaria floribunda Essential Oil Nanoemulsion

Francisco Paiva Machado et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is a tropical disease transmitted in an aqueous environment by cercariae from the Schistosoma genus. This disease affects 200 million people living in risk areas around the world. The control of schistosomiasis is realized by chemotherapy, wastewater sanitation, health education, and mollusk control using molluscicidal agents. This work evaluates the effects of a nanoemulsion containing essential oil from Myrciaria floribunda leaves as a molluscicidal and cercaricidal agent against Biomphalaria glabrata mollusks and Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. The Myrciaria floribunda essential oil from leaves showed nerolidol, β-selinene, 1,8 cineol, and zonarene as major constituents. The formulation study suggested the F3 formulation as the most promising nanoemulsion with polysorbate 20 and sorbitan monooleate 80 (4:1) with 5% (w/w) essential oil as it showed a smaller droplet size of approximately 100 nm with a PDI lower than 0.3 and prominent bluish reflection. Furthermore, this nanoemulsion showed stability after 200 days under refrigeration. The Myrciaria floribunda nanoemulsion showed LC50 values of 48.11 µg/mL, 29.66 µg/mL, and 47.02 µg/mL in Biomphalaria glabrata embryos, juveniles, and adult mollusks, respectively, after 48 h and 83.88 µg/mL for Schistosoma mansoni cercariae after 2 h. In addition, a survival of 80% was observed in Danio rerio, and the in silico toxicity assay showed lower overall human toxicity potential to the major compounds in the essential oil compared to the reference molluscicide niclosamide. These results suggest that the nanoemulsion of Myrciaria floribunda leaves may be a promising alternative for schistosomiasis control.

Keywords: Myrtaceae; essential oil; nanodispersion; natural products; pesticides; schistosomiasis control.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Major components of Myrciaria floribunda essential oil from leaves.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Myrciaria floribunda essential oil nanoemulsion (formulation F3) with bluish reflection (dilution 1:40).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Formulation F3 size distribution by intensity in triplicate (A) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image showing spherical droplets after 1 h of preparation (B).
Figure 4
Figure 4
M. floribunda nanoemulsion (formulation F3) stability stored at room temperature (A), climatic chamber (B), and under refrigeration (C) over 200 days. Each colored line refers to one day of analysis.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Lethal concentrations of the Myrciaria floribunda nanoemulsion (expressed in essential oil) in Biomphalaria glabrata embryos, juveniles, and adults (A) and Schistosoma mansoni cercariae (B).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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