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. 2023 Aug 13;15(16):3571.
doi: 10.3390/nu15163571.

Individual Postprandial Glycemic Responses to Meal Types by Different Carbohydrate Levels and Their Associations with Glycemic Variability Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Jiwoo Song  1 , Tae Jung Oh  2   3 , YoonJu Song  1
Affiliations

Individual Postprandial Glycemic Responses to Meal Types by Different Carbohydrate Levels and Their Associations with Glycemic Variability Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Jiwoo Song et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate individual postprandial glycemic responses (PPGRs) to meal types with varying carbohydrate levels and examine their associations with 14-day glycemic variability using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in young adults. In a two-week intervention study with 34 participants connected to CGM, four meal types and glucose 75 g were tested. PPGRs were recorded for up to 2 h with a 15 min interval after meals. Data-driven cluster analysis was used to group individual PPGRs for each meal type, and correlation analysis was performed of 14-day glycemic variability and control with related factors. Participants had a mean age of 22.5 years, with 22.8% being male. Four meal types were chosen according to carbohydrate levels. The mean glucose excursion for all meal types, except the fruit bowl, exhibited a similar curve with attenuation. Individuals classified as high responders for each meal type exhibited sustained peak glucose levels for a longer duration compared to low responders, especially in meals with carbohydrate contents above 50%. A meal with 45% carbohydrate content showed no correlation with either 14-day glycemic variability or control. Understanding the glycemic response to carbohydrate-rich meals and adopting a meal-based approach when planning diets are crucial to improving glycemic variability and control.

Keywords: dietary carbohydrate; glycemic control; glycemic variability; mixed meal; postprandial glycemic response.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The study design testing individual postprandial glycemic responses to four meal types and their associations with 14-day glycemic variability in 34 young adults. CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; PPGR, postprandial glycemic response; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; SMBG, self-monitoring blood glucose.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mean postprandial glucose excursions from fasting blood glucose and up to 2 h after meals in 34 young adults. Error bars represent means ± SE.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Individual postprandial responses to meal type and nutrient composition.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The comparison of postprandial glycemic response to meal types in high- or low-response groups, classified by cluster analysis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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