Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Jul 28;16(8):1077.
doi: 10.3390/ph16081077.

Endogenous and Exogenous Antioxidants as Agents Preventing the Negative Effects of Contrast Media (Contrast-Induced Nephropathy)

Ina G Panova  1 , Alexander S Tatikolov  2
Affiliations
Review

Endogenous and Exogenous Antioxidants as Agents Preventing the Negative Effects of Contrast Media (Contrast-Induced Nephropathy)

Ina G Panova et al. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). .

Abstract

The use of conventional contrast media for diagnostic purposes (in particular, Gd-containing and iodinated agents) causes a large number of complications, the most common of which is contrast-induced nephropathy. It has been shown that after exposure to contrast agents, oxidative stress often occurs in patients, especially in people suffering from various diseases. Antioxidants in the human body can diminish the pathological consequences of the use of contrast media by suppressing oxidative stress. This review considers the research studies on the role of antioxidants in preventing the negative consequences of the use of contrast agents in diagnostics (mainly contrast-induced nephropathy) and the clinical trials of different antioxidant drugs against contrast-induced nephropathy. Composite antioxidant/contrast systems as theranostic agents are also considered.

Keywords: antioxidants; contrast media; contrast-induced nephropathy; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; theranostics.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Structures of (a) N-acetyl-L-cystein (NAC) and (b) glutathione (GSH).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Scheme of redox equilibrium involving GSH.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Structure and (b) acid-base and redox transformations of ascorbic acid.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Structure of α-tocopherol.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Structure of bilirubin.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) Scheme of bilirubin production and (b) biliverdin–bilirubin redox equilibrium.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Structure of melatonin.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Structure of L-carnitine.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Structure of probucol.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Structure of MESNA.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Structure of resveratrol.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Structure of astaxanthin.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Structure of lycopene.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Structure of curcumin.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Bellin M.-F. MR contrast agents, the old and the new. Eur. J. Radiol. 2006;60:314–323. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2006.06.021. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Andreucci M., Solomon R., Tasanarong A. Side effects of radiographic contrast media: Pathogenesis, risk factors, and prevention. BioMed Res. Int. 2014;2014:741018. doi: 10.1155/2014/741018. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Xiao Y.-D., Paude R., Liu J., Ma C., Zhang Z.-S., Zhou S.-K. MRI contrast agents: Classification and application (Review) Int. J. Mol. Med. 2016;38:1319–1326. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2744. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Lusic H., Grinstaff M.W. X-ray-computed tomography contrast agents. Chem. Rev. 2013;113:1641–1666. doi: 10.1021/cr200358s. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wahsner J., Gale E.M., Rodríguez-Rodrígue A., Caravan P. Chemistry of MRI contrast agents: Current challenges and new frontiers. Chem. Rev. 2019;119:957–1057. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00363. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources