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. 2023 Aug 11;15(16):3382.
doi: 10.3390/polym15163382.

Anti-Melanogenesis and Anti-Photoaging Effects of the Sulfated Polysaccharides Isolated from the Brown Seaweed Padina boryana

Lei Wang  1 , Thilina U Jayawardena  2   3 , Young-Sang Kim  3 , Kaiqiang Wang  1 , Xiaoting Fu  1 , Ginnae Ahn  4 , Seon-Heui Cha  5 , Jeong Gyun Kim  6 , Jung Suck Lee  6 , You-Jin Jeon  3   7
Affiliations

Anti-Melanogenesis and Anti-Photoaging Effects of the Sulfated Polysaccharides Isolated from the Brown Seaweed Padina boryana

Lei Wang et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

Sulfated polysaccharides isolated from seaweeds are thought of as ideal ingredients in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetics industries. Our previous study isolated and characterized sulfated polysaccharides from Padina boryana. The sulfated polysaccharides of Padina boryana (PBP) were extracted, and the antioxidant activity of PBP was evaluated. The results indicate that PBP possesses antioxidant effects and potential in the cosmetic industry. To further investigate the potential of PBP in cosmetics, the photoprotective and anti-melanogenesis effects of PBP were evaluated. The anti-melanogenesis test results display that PBP reduced the melanin content in the murine melanoma cells stimulated by alpha melanocyte-stimulating hormone from 203.7% to 183.64%, 144.63%, and 127.57% at concentrations of 25 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL, respectively. The anti-photodamage test results showed that PBP significantly protected skin cells against UVB-stimulated photodamage. PBP suppressed human epidermal keratinocyte (HaCaT cell) death by inhibiting apoptosis and reducing the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species. The intracellular reactive oxygen species level of HaCaT cells irradiated by UVB was reduced from 192.67% to 181.22%, 170.25%, and 160.48% by 25 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL PBP, respectively. In addition, PBP remarkably reduced UVB-induced human dermal fibroblast damage by suppressing oxidative damage, inhibiting collagen degradation, and attenuating inflammatory responses. These results indicate that PBP possesses photoprotective and anti-melanogenesis activities and suggest that PBP is a potential ingredient in the cosmetic industry.

Keywords: Padina boryana; UVB irradiation; melanogenesis; sulfated polysaccharides.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Skin whitening effect of PBP. (A) Tyrosinase inhibitory effect of PBP; (B) cytotoxicity of PBP on B16F10 cells; (C) inhibitory effect of PBP on α-MSH-stimulated melanin synthesis in B16F10 cells. The experiments were conducted in triplicate and the data are expressed as the mean ± SE. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 as compared to the α-MSH-treated group and ## p < 0.01 as compared to the control group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
PBP protects HaCaT cells against UVB-induced photodamage. (A) Cytotoxicity of PBP on HaCaT cells; (B) intracellular ROS-scavenging effect of PBP; (C) protective effect of PBP against UVB-induced cell death. The experiments were conducted in triplicate and the data are expressed as the mean ± SE. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 as compared to the UVB-irradiated group and ## p < 0.01 as compared to the control group.
Figure 3
Figure 3
PBP protects HaCaT cells against UVB-induced apoptosis.
Figure 4
Figure 4
PBP inhibits collagenase and protects HDF cells against UVB-induced damage. (A) Collagenase inhibitory effect of PBP; (B) cytotoxicity of PBP on HDF cells; (C) intracellular ROS-scavenging effect of PBP; (D) protective effect of PBP against UVB-induced cell death. The experiments were conducted in triplicate and the data are expressed as the mean ± SE. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 as compared to the UVB-irradiated group and ## p < 0.01 as compared to the control group.
Figure 5
Figure 5
PBP increases collagen synthesis and inhibits MMP expression in UVB-irradiated HDF cells. (A) Collagen synthesis levels in UVB-irradiated HDF cells; (B) MMP-1 expression levels; (C) MMP-2 expression levels; (D) MMP-8 expression levels; (E) MMP-9 expression levels; (F) MMP-13 expression levels. The experiments were conducted in triplicate and the data are expressed as the mean ± SE. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 as compared to the UVB-irradiated group and ## p < 0.01 as compared to the control group.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Inhibitory effects of PBP on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in UVB-irradiated HDF cells. Expression of (A) TNF-α; (B) IL-6; and (C) IL-1β. The experiments were conducted in triplicate and the data are expressed as the mean ± SE. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 as compared to the UVB-irradiated group and ## p < 0.01 as compared to the control group.
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