Detection and Molecular Characterization of Animal Adenovirus and Astrovirus from Western Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Astroviruses (AstV) and adenoviruses (AdV) are associated with diarrhoea in young animals. However, the epidemiology and genetic diversity of AstVs and AdVs in animals is not well studied. Hence, the present study was conducted to detect and characterize AstVs and AdVs in calves, piglets and puppies from Western Maharashtra, India. Out of the processed porcine (48), canine (80), and bovine (65) faecal samples, the porcine AstV (PAstV), bovine AstV (BAstV), canine AstV (CAstV), and porcine AdV (PAdV) were detected in 12.5%, 7.69%, 3.75% and 4.1% of samples, respectively. In the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region-based phylogenetic analysis, the detected BAstV strains grouped with MAstV-28, MAstV-33, and MAstV-35, CAstV strains belonged to MAstV-5; PAstV strains belonged to MAstV-24, MAstV-26, and MAstV-31. However, in hexon gene-based phylogeny, both the detected PAdV were of genotype 3, exhibiting 91.9-92.5% nucleotide identity with Ivoirian and Chinese strains. The study reports first-time BAstVs from calves and PAdV-3 from piglets in India. The study revealed diversity in the circulation of AstVs in tested animals and AdVs in pigs, and suggested that they alone might be associated with other diarrhoea or in combination with other enteric pathogens, thus highlighting the necessity of extensive epidemiological investigations to develop diagnostic tools and control measures.

Keywords: adenovirus; animal; astrovirus; characterization; molecular detection.

Figure 1

Representative Gel image of hexon gene amplified by PCR for the detection of porcine Adenovirus: Positive samples—Lane 9; Negative samples—Lane 4–6, 7, 8, 10–19: Lane M: 100 bp Ladder; Negative control—Lane 1 & 2; Positive control—Lane 3.

Figure 2

Phylogenetic analysis of hexon gene nucleotide sequences of adenoviruses detected from the porcine stool and faecal samples. The sequences detected in the present study are marked with a black solid circle. The AdV types were assigned to PAdV according to the published report [16].

Figure 3

Representative Gel image of RdRp gene amplified by RT-PCR for the detection of porcine Astrovirus: Positive sample—Lane 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 17, 18; Negative sample—Lane 3–5, 8, 11, 14–16; Lane M: 1 Kbp; Positive control—Lane 1; Negative control—Lane 2.

Figure 4

Phylogenetic analysis of RdRp nucleotide sequences of astroviruses detected from porcine, canine, and bovine stool and faecal samples. The AstV groups/genotypes were assigned to BAstV, PAstV and CAstV according to the published reports [13,14,15], respectively. The sequences detected in the present study are marked with coloured shapes.