Oral Myiasis in an Immunocompromised Adult Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Rare Case and Comprehensive Treatment Protocol

Abstract

Oral myiasis, a rare condition caused by the infestation of live maggots in the oral cavity, can present unique challenges in immunocompromised individuals. This case report presents a unique case of oral myiasis in an immunocompromised adult undergoing chemotherapy. A 67-year-old female suffering from metastatic carcinoma of the ovary was undergoing chemotherapy treatment at the time of presentation. Prompt diagnosis and management, including larval removal, wound care, and systemic antibiotics, were initiated. This case highlights the susceptibility of immunocompromised individuals to uncommon complications, such as oral myiasis, due to their compromised immune system. It also emphasizes the need for heightened vigilance in the oral care and monitoring of immunocompromised patients undergoing chemotherapy, as well as the importance of early intervention to prevent potential complications associated with oral myiasis. In this article, we have also included a comprehensive treatment protocol for treating this condition based on our clinical experience.

Keywords: dipteran larvae; oral cavity; oral hygiene; oral myiasis; parasitic infestation.

Figure 1. Oral myiasis in a patient with poor oral hygiene.

Figure 2. Presence of maggots inside a cavity in the gingivolabial sulcus.

Figure 3. Maggot mechanically removed with a tweezer.

Figure 4. Maggots after removal in a kidney tray.

Figure 5. Visibly empty cavity after complete removal of larvae.