. 2024 Apr;18(4):255-272.

doi: 10.1111/eip.13457. Epub 2023 Aug 28.

Development of the PSYCHS: Positive SYmptoms and Diagnostic Criteria for the CAARMS Harmonized with the SIPS

Scott W Woods^{1

2}, Sophie Parker^{3

4}, Melissa J Kerr^{5

6}, Barbara C Walsh^{1

2}, S Andrea Wijtenburg⁷, Nicholas Prunier⁸, Angela R Nunez^{1

2}, Kate Buccilli^{5

6}, Catalina Mourgues-Codern^{1

2}, Kali Brummitt⁹, Kyle S Kinney¹⁰, Carli Trankler¹¹, Julia Szacilo¹², Beau-Luke Colton³, Munaza Ali^{1

2}, Anastasia Haidar⁸, Tashrif Billah⁸, Kevin Huynh^{5

6}, Uzair Ahmed^{5

6}, Laura L Adery¹³, Patricia J Marcy¹⁴, Kelly Allott^{5

6}, Paul Amminger^{5

6}, Celso Arango¹⁵, Matthew R Broome^{16

17}, Kristin S Cadenhead¹⁸, Eric Y H Chen¹⁹, Jimmy Choi²⁰, Philippe Conus²¹, Barbara A Cornblatt^{14

22}, Louise Birkedal Glenthøj²³, Leslie E Horton²⁴, Joseph Kambeitz²⁵, Tina Kapur²⁶, Matcheri S Keshavan²⁷, Nikolaos Koutsouleris^{28

29

30}, Kerstin Langbein³¹, Suzie Lavoie^{5

6}, Covadonga Martinez Diaz-Caneja¹⁵, Daniel H Mathalon^{32

33}, Vijay A Mittal³⁴, Merete Nordentoft^{35

36}, Ofer Pasternak^{26

37}, Godfrey D Pearlson^{1

20}, Pablo A Gaspar³⁸, Jai L Shah^{39

40}, Stefan Smesny³¹, William S Stone²⁷, Gregory P Strauss⁴¹, Jijun Wang⁴², Cheryl M Corcoran⁴³, Diana O Perkins⁴⁴, Jason Schiffman⁴⁵, Jesus Perez^{12

46}, Daniel Mamah¹¹, Lauren M Ellman¹⁰, Albert R Powers 3rd^{1

2}, Michael J Coleman⁸, Alan Anticevic^{1

2}, Paolo Fusar-Poli^{47

48}, John M Kane^{14

22}, Rene S Kahn⁴³, Patrick D McGorry^{5

6}, Carrie E Bearden¹³, Martha E Shenton^{8

37

49}, Barnaby Nelson^{5

6}, Monica E Calkins⁵⁰, Larry Hendricks^{5

6}, Sylvain Bouix^{8

51}, Jean Addington⁹, Thomas H McGlashan^{1

2}, Alison R Yung^{3

4

5

52}; Accelerating Medicines Partnership Schizophrenia

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

Accelerating Medicines Partnership Schizophrenia:
R Benabou, L Bilsland, L S Brady, T Brister, F Butlen-Ducuing, K Duckworth, G K Farber, T R Farchione, B A Fischer, S Frangou, S T Garcia, N Gogtay, J A Gordon, R K Heinssen, W Horton, B R Johnson, P S Joshi, C A Larrauri, S H Lisanby, G Pandina, S E Roth, M Sand, V M Sharma, B Staglin, A Travaglia, E Velhorst, G Wunderlich, M Grabb, M Hillefors, D Janes, S E Morris, J Pevsner, J T Baker, G Cecchi, C Gerber, M Harms, L Kambeitz-Ilankovic, M Kubicki, S-W Kim, J S Kwon, A Reichenberg, F W Sabb, Z Tamayo, R Upthegrove, S K Verma, I Winter-van Rossum, D H Wolf, P Wolff, S J Wood

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
² Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
³ Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
⁴ Youth Mental Health Research Unit, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
⁵ Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
⁶ Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
⁷ Division of Translational Research, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
⁸ Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁹ Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
¹⁰ Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
¹¹ Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
¹² CAMEO, Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
¹³ Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences & Psychology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
¹⁴ Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERSAM, ISCIII, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁶ Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
¹⁷ Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
¹⁸ Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
¹⁹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
²⁰ Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford HealthCare Behavioral Health Network, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.
²¹ Chef de Service Service de Psychiatrie Générale Dép. de Psychiatrie CHUV Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
²² Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York, USA.
²³ Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
²⁴ Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
²⁵ Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
²⁶ Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
²⁷ Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
²⁸ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.
²⁹ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, King's College London, London, UK.
³⁰ Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
³¹ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
³² Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
³³ Mental Health Service 116D, Veterans Affairs San Francisco Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA.
³⁴ Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
³⁵ Mental Health Services in the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.
³⁶ Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
³⁷ Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
³⁸ Department of Psychiatry, IMHAY, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
³⁹ PEPP-Montreal, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
⁴⁰ Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
⁴¹ Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
⁴² Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
⁴³ Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
⁴⁴ Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
⁴⁵ Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
⁴⁶ Department of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
⁴⁷ Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK.
⁴⁸ Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
⁴⁹ Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁵⁰ Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
⁵¹ Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
⁵² Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.

PMID: 37641537
PMCID: PMC10899527
DOI: 10.1111/eip.13457

Development of the PSYCHS: Positive SYmptoms and Diagnostic Criteria for the CAARMS Harmonized with the SIPS

Scott W Woods et al. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2024 Apr.

. 2024 Apr;18(4):255-272.

doi: 10.1111/eip.13457. Epub 2023 Aug 28.

Authors

Collaborators

Accelerating Medicines Partnership Schizophrenia:
R Benabou, L Bilsland, L S Brady, T Brister, F Butlen-Ducuing, K Duckworth, G K Farber, T R Farchione, B A Fischer, S Frangou, S T Garcia, N Gogtay, J A Gordon, R K Heinssen, W Horton, B R Johnson, P S Joshi, C A Larrauri, S H Lisanby, G Pandina, S E Roth, M Sand, V M Sharma, B Staglin, A Travaglia, E Velhorst, G Wunderlich, M Grabb, M Hillefors, D Janes, S E Morris, J Pevsner, J T Baker, G Cecchi, C Gerber, M Harms, L Kambeitz-Ilankovic, M Kubicki, S-W Kim, J S Kwon, A Reichenberg, F W Sabb, Z Tamayo, R Upthegrove, S K Verma, I Winter-van Rossum, D H Wolf, P Wolff, S J Wood

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
² Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
³ Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
⁴ Youth Mental Health Research Unit, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
⁵ Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
⁶ Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
⁷ Division of Translational Research, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
⁸ Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁹ Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
¹⁰ Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
¹¹ Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
¹² CAMEO, Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
¹³ Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences & Psychology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
¹⁴ Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERSAM, ISCIII, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁶ Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
¹⁷ Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
¹⁸ Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
¹⁹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
²⁰ Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford HealthCare Behavioral Health Network, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.
²¹ Chef de Service Service de Psychiatrie Générale Dép. de Psychiatrie CHUV Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
²² Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York, USA.
²³ Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
²⁴ Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
²⁵ Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
²⁶ Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
²⁷ Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
²⁸ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.
²⁹ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, King's College London, London, UK.
³⁰ Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
³¹ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
³² Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
³³ Mental Health Service 116D, Veterans Affairs San Francisco Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA.
³⁴ Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
³⁵ Mental Health Services in the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.
³⁶ Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
³⁷ Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
³⁸ Department of Psychiatry, IMHAY, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
³⁹ PEPP-Montreal, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
⁴⁰ Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
⁴¹ Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
⁴² Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
⁴³ Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
⁴⁴ Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
⁴⁵ Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
⁴⁶ Department of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
⁴⁷ Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK.
⁴⁸ Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
⁴⁹ Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁵⁰ Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
⁵¹ Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
⁵² Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.

PMID: 37641537
PMCID: PMC10899527
DOI: 10.1111/eip.13457

Abstract

Aim: To harmonize two ascertainment and severity rating instruments commonly used for the clinical high risk syndrome for psychosis (CHR-P): the Structured Interview for Psychosis-risk Syndromes (SIPS) and the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS).

Methods: The initial workshop is described in the companion report from Addington et al. After the workshop, lead experts for each instrument continued harmonizing attenuated positive symptoms and criteria for psychosis and CHR-P through an intensive series of joint videoconferences.

Results: Full harmonization was achieved for attenuated positive symptom ratings and psychosis criteria, and modest harmonization for CHR-P criteria. The semi-structured interview, named Positive SYmptoms and Diagnostic Criteria for the CAARMS Harmonized with the SIPS (PSYCHS), generates CHR-P criteria and severity scores for both CAARMS and SIPS.

Conclusions: Using the PSYCHS for CHR-P ascertainment, conversion determination, and attenuated positive symptom severity rating will help in comparing findings across studies and in meta-analyses.

Keywords: ascertainment; clinical high risk; early detection; psychometrics; severity rating.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest statement: S.W.W. has received sponsor-initiated research funding support from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Amarex, and SyneuRx. He has been a paid consultant to Boehringer-Ingelheim, New England Research Institute, and Takeda. He has been granted US patent no. 8492418 B2 for a method of treating prodromal schizophrenia with glycine agonists. B.C.W. has been a paid consultant with Boehringer-Ingelheim and the Pier Institute. A.A. holds equity and is a member of the Technology Advisory Board for Neumora Therapeutics, Inc.; is a cofounder, serves as a member of the Board of Directors, as a scientific adviser, and holds equity in Manifest Technologies, Inc.; and is a coinventor on the following patent: Anticevic A, Murray JD, Ji JL: Systems and Methods for NeuroBehavioral Relationships in Dimensional Geometric Embedding, PCT International Application No. PCT/US2119/022110, filed Mar 13, 2019.

J.M.K has received honoraria for lectures or consulting from Alkermes. R.S.K. has consulted for Alkermes, Otsuka, and Sunovion. D.O.P reports consulting for Alkermes. S.R.C. reports Speaker’s Fees / Honoraria: Janssen-Cillag Australia, Lundbeck-Otsuka Australia, Servier Australia Advisory Board: Lundbeck – Otsuka Australia (Maintena, Brexpiprazole) Investigator initiated grants: Janssen-Cillag Australia, Lundbeck-Otsuka AustraliaTravel Support: Janssen-Cillag Australia. D.H.M. has served as a consultant for Neurocrine Biosciences. C.A. has been a consultant to or has received honoraria or grants from Acadia, Angelini, Biogen, Boehringer, Gedeon Richter, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Medscape, Menarini, Minerva, Otsuka, Pfizer, Roche, Sage, Servier, Shire, Schering Plough, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovion and Takeda. E.Y.H.C. reports investigator initiated grants: Janssen-Cillag. C.M.D-C. reports grant support from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PI17/00481, PI20/00721, JR19/00024) and honoraria from Exeltis and Angelini. P.J.M. has received sponsor initiated funding from Alkermes, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, NeuroRX, and Otsuka and honorarium from Alkermes, Lundbeck, Otsuka, and BioXcel. Other authors report no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1.**
COA^† conceptual framework for the PSYCHS^‡ symptom severity assessment. The conceptual framework consists of a conceptual model (left side of panel) and a measurement model (right side of panel). In the conceptual model, attenuated positive symptom-related health experiences resulting from the Clinical High Risk Syndrome for Psychosis are organized into 15 distinct symptoms. These health experiences are organized into three general concepts: 1) attenuated delusions, 2) attenuated hallucinations, and 3) attenuated thought disorder. Together the three general concepts form the concept of interest. In the measurement model, 15 measurement items corresponding to the health experience areas captured by the PSYCHS yield severity scores that in turn are used to compute a Clinical High Risk Syndrome for Psychosis severity index. † Clinical Outcomes Assessment ‡ Positive SYmptoms and Diagnostic Criteria for the CAARMS Harmonized with the SIPS

See this image and copyright information in PMC

Update of

Development of the PSYCHS: Positive SYmptoms and Diagnostic Criteria for the CAARMS Harmonized with the SIPS.
Woods SW, Parker S, Kerr MJ, Walsh BC, Wijtenburg SA, Prunier N, Nunez AR, Buccilli K, Mourgues-Codern C, Brummitt K, Kinney KS, Trankler C, Szacilo J, Colton BL, Ali M, Haidar A, Billah T, Huynh K, Ahmed U, Adery LL, Corcoran CM, Perkins DO, Schiffman J, Perez J, Mamah D, Ellman LM, Powers AR 3rd, Coleman MJ, Anticevic A, Fusar-Poli P, Kane JM, Kahn RS, McGorry PD, Bearden CE, Shenton ME, Nelson B, Calkins ME, Hendricks L, Bouix S, Addington J, McGlashan TH, Yung AR; Accelerating Medicines Partnership Schizophrenia. Woods SW, et al. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2023 May 2:2023.04.29.23289226. doi: 10.1101/2023.04.29.23289226. medRxiv. 2023. Update in: Early Interv Psychiatry. 2024 Apr;18(4):255-272. doi: 10.1111/eip.13457. PMID: 37205422 Free PMC article. Updated. Preprint.

References

1. Addington J, Stowkowy J, Liu L, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Cornblatt BA, McGlashan TH, Perkins DO, Seidman LJ, Tsuang MT, Walker EF, Bearden CE, Mathalon DH, Santesteban-Echarri O, Woods SW (2019). Clinical and functional characteristics of youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis who do not transition to psychosis. Psychological Medicine 49(10), 1670–1677. - PubMed
1. Addington J, Woods SW, Yung AR, Calkins ME, Fusar-Poli P (2023). Harmonizing the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS) and the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS): An Initial approach. Early Interv Psychiatry in press. - PubMed
1. American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC.
1. American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. American Psychiatric Association, Arlington, VA.
1. American Psychiatric Association (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision. American Psychiatric Publishing, Washington DC.

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Development of the PSYCHS: Positive SYmptoms and Diagnostic Criteria for the CAARMS Harmonized with the SIPS

Collaborators

Affiliations

Development of the PSYCHS: Positive SYmptoms and Diagnostic Criteria for the CAARMS Harmonized with the SIPS

Authors

Collaborators

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

Update of

References

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical