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. 2023 Aug 29;18(1):106.
doi: 10.1186/s11671-023-03886-6.

Magnetically controlled graphene field-effect transistor biosensor for highly sensitive detection of cardiac troponin I

Xiaofeng Zhu  1 , Kangning Cheng  1 , Yue Ding  1 , Huanqing Liu  1 , Shuqi Xie  1 , Yuwei Cao  1 , Weiwei Yue  2
Affiliations

Magnetically controlled graphene field-effect transistor biosensor for highly sensitive detection of cardiac troponin I

Xiaofeng Zhu et al. Discov Nano. .

Abstract

Herein, we have constructed a magnetic graphene field-effect transistor biosensor (MGFETs) for highly sensitive detection of cardiac troponin I (CTNI). Graphene films transferred to ITO conductive glass as conductive channels. CTNI aptamer was immobilized onto the graphene film via 1-pyrene-butanoic acid succinimidyl ester (PBASE) to capture CTNI. Magnetic nanobeads (MBs) modified with CTNI antibody were added to the reaction chamber to form an aptamer/CTNI/antibody/magnetic nanobeads sandwich-type complex. We found that the magnetic force exerted on the complex leads to an impedance change of the graphene film. The reason for this result is that the magnetic field exerts an influence on the MBs, causing CTNI aptamer strand to bend, resulting in a change in the distance between the double conductive layers of the graphene film surface and the test solution. With periodic sampling integration, different concentrations of CTNI can be detected with high sensitivity. Due to the stringent recognition capability and high affinity between the CTNI aptamer and CTNI, MGFETs have the potential to detect various types of proteins. Furthermore, MGFETs also have the potential to be utilized for the detection of DNA or specific cells in the future.

Keywords: Aptamer; CTNI; ITO; MGFETs; Sandwich-type complex.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Construction of magnetic graphene field effect transistor. a ITO conductive glass. b Graphene film grown by chemical vapor deposition. c Functionalization of graphene by PBASE. d Immobilization of probe aptamer via PBASE. e Antibody functionalized magnetic nanobeads and CTNI are added to form sandwich type immune complexes. f Applying a periodic magnetic field to a GFETs
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
a Magnetic beads are moved down by the magnetic field. b Flowchart of detection system magnetic beads are moved down by the magnetic field
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Raman broad spectrum of graphene layers
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Probe aptamer fluorescence intensity detection on MGFETs. Error bar represents the standard deviation of 5 independent analysis
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Fluorescence intensity of immune complexes and supernatant solution fluorescence intensity detection
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
a TEM of MBs. b TEM of MBs/CTNI antibody conjugates. c TEM of CTNI antibody modified magnetic beads on MGFET. d Size distribution of magnetic beads. e Size distribution of CTNI antibody modified magnetic beads
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
a Impedance of MGFETs under a varying magnetic field intensity in the time domain. b Relationship between impedance of MGFETs and intensity of the magnetic field. Error bar represents the standard deviation of 5 independent analysis
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
a Time domain of impedance fluctuations with different CTNI concentrations. b Impedance responses of MGFETs were observed by adding different concentrations of CTNI. Five independent experiments were conducted for each concentration, and the standard deviation was represented by error bars. c Impedance changes of MGFETs without the addition of CTNI antibody
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Results based on the detection of CTNI and various non-specific proteins by MGFETs. Five independent experiments were conducted for each biomarker, and the standard deviation was represented by error bars
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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