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Editorial
. 2023 Aug 29;48(4):E325-E329.
doi: 10.1503/jpn.230120. Print 2023 Jul-Aug.

Clusters of psychosis: compensation as a contributor to the heterogeneity of schizophrenia

Lena Palaniyappan  1
Affiliations
Editorial

Clusters of psychosis: compensation as a contributor to the heterogeneity of schizophrenia

Lena Palaniyappan. J Psychiatry Neurosci. .
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: Lena Palaniyappan reports personal fees from Janssen Canada, Otsuka Canada, SPMM Course Limited UK and the Canadian Psychiatric Association; book royalties from Oxford University Press; and investigator-initiated educational grants from Sunovion, Janssen Canada and Otsuka Canada, outside the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A hypothetical hexplot (i.e., scattergram with counts of individuals, represented using hexagons with varying shades) indicating the negative correlation between polygenic risk (0 to 1) and normative deviation in brain structure (−2.0 to 2.0, z units). If compensated people are defined as those with supranormal brain structure, very few can be identified within our clinical samples (orange box). Alternatively, defining compensated schizophrenia as those with higher risk, but exhibiting low or no infranormal deviation, can identify larger numbers (purple dotted box). Here, supranormal values are assumed to represent compensation, given the example of polygenic risk score’s effect on brain volume, which is one of negative correlation. For some biophysical measures, notable infranormality is an index of a compensatory phenomenon (e.g., reduced hyperactivity). In this hypothetical plot, genetic risk can be replaced by environmental risk or medication exposure (e.g., when considering adverse effects), and the deviation from the norm can be for any biopsychosocial measurement (e.g., patient-reported outcomes). This synthetic plot was generated using https://jupyter.org.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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