Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Aug;8(8):e013146.
doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013146.

We are underestimating, again, the true burden of H5N1 in humans

Affiliations

We are underestimating, again, the true burden of H5N1 in humans

Mokhtar Gomaa et al. BMJ Glob Health. 2023 Aug.
No abstract available

Keywords: avian influenza; infections, diseases, disorders, injuries.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Antibody titre distribution of study subjects. Titres were reported as the reciprocal of the serum dilution that neutralised the virus in a standard virus microneutralisation assay. A titre of 1:40 was considered positive.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Percentage of sera positive for anti-H5N1 antibodies by month. Arrow indicates detection of H5N1 in domestic and wild birds in the markets.

References

    1. Lee DH, Bertran K, Kwon JH, et al. . Evolution, global spread, and pathogenicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4. J Vet Sci 2017;18:269–80. 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.S1.269 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. WOAH, FAO . OFFLU annual report. 2022.
    1. Morens DM, Taubenberger JK. How low is the risk of influenza A(H5N1) infection J Infect Dis 2015;211:1364–6. 10.1093/infdis/jiu530 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Saad MD, Ahmed LS, Gamal-Eldein MA, et al. . Possible avian influenza (H5N1) from migratory bird, Egypt. Emerg Infect Dis 2007;13:1120–1. 10.3201/eid1307.061222 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kandeil A, Moatasim Y, El Taweel A, et al. . Genetic and antigenic characteristics of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) viruses circulating in domestic poultry in Egypt, 2017–2021. Microorganisms 2022;10:595. 10.3390/microorganisms10030595 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types