Sports Medicine Considerations When Caring for the Transgender Athlete

doi:10.1016/j.asmr.2023.04.019

. 2023 May 24;5(4):100736.

doi: 10.1016/j.asmr.2023.04.019. eCollection 2023 Aug.

Sports Medicine Considerations When Caring for the Transgender Athlete

Madeline M McGovern¹, Natalie A Lowenstein¹, Elizabeth G Matzkin¹

Affiliations

PMID: 37645385
PMCID: PMC10461145
DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2023.04.019

Sports Medicine Considerations When Caring for the Transgender Athlete

Madeline M McGovern et al. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. 2023.

. 2023 May 24;5(4):100736.

doi: 10.1016/j.asmr.2023.04.019. eCollection 2023 Aug.

Authors

Madeline M McGovern¹, Natalie A Lowenstein¹, Elizabeth G Matzkin¹

Affiliation

¹ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

PMID: 37645385
PMCID: PMC10461145
DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2023.04.019

Abstract

Orthopaedic surgeons and other orthopaedic care providers have expressed a desire to care for transgender patients but have a self-perceived knowledge deficit. Transgender athletes experience many psychosocial barriers to sport that are useful for clinicians to understand. Medical and surgical gender-affirming care can impact musculoskeletal physiology and pathophysiology. Transgender women (TW) have demonstrated an increased risk of insufficiency fractures and thromboembolism in patients receiving exogenous estrogen therapy. The impact of gender-affirming care on sex-based differences in athletic injuries is less well studied.

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References

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[1] Herman J.L., Flores A.R., O’Nell K.K. Williams Institute, UCLA Law; Published online 2022. How many adults and youth identify as transgender in the United States? Accessed: https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Trans-Pop-Upda.... Accessed January 11, 2023.

[2] Herman J.L., Flores A.R., O’Nell K.K. Williams Institute, UCLA Law; Published online 2022. How many adults and youth identify as transgender in the United States? Accessed: https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Trans-Pop-Upda.... Accessed January 11, 2023.

[3] Feroe A.G., Hutchinson L.E., Miller P.E., Samora J.B., Kocher M.S. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices in the orthopaedic care of sexual and gender minority youth: A survey of two pediatric academic hospitals. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2022;480:1313–1328. - PMC - PubMed

[4] Feroe A.G., Hutchinson L.E., Miller P.E., Samora J.B., Kocher M.S. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices in the orthopaedic care of sexual and gender minority youth: A survey of two pediatric academic hospitals. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2022;480:1313–1328. - PMC - PubMed

[5] Bassett A.J., Ahlmen A., Rosendorf J.M., Romeo A.A., Erickson B.J., Bishop M.E. The biology of sex and sport. JBJS Rev. 2020;8 - PubMed

[6] Bassett A.J., Ahlmen A., Rosendorf J.M., Romeo A.A., Erickson B.J., Bishop M.E. The biology of sex and sport. JBJS Rev. 2020;8 - PubMed

[7] Ingram B.J., Thomas C.L. Transgender policy in sport: A review of current policy and commentary of the challenges of policy creation. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2019;18:239–247. - PubMed

[8] Ingram B.J., Thomas C.L. Transgender policy in sport: A review of current policy and commentary of the challenges of policy creation. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2019;18:239–247. - PubMed

[9] Heggie V. Testing sex and gender in sports; reinventing, reimagining and reconstructing histories. Endeavour. 2010;34:157–163. - PMC - PubMed

[10] Heggie V. Testing sex and gender in sports; reinventing, reimagining and reconstructing histories. Endeavour. 2010;34:157–163. - PMC - PubMed

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Sports Medicine Considerations When Caring for the Transgender Athlete

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Sports Medicine Considerations When Caring for the Transgender Athlete

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