Acid Base Disorders in Cirrhosis

Abstract

Metabolic and respiratory acid-base disorders are common in individuals with liver disease and cirrhosis. The most common disorder is respiratory alkalosis, which may be related to dyspnea or respiratory stimulation. Primary metabolic disorders are less common. Although the liver plays a role in metabolism of amino acids and generation of acid from dietary sources, it does not play a role in the regulation of pH. Instead, metabolic disorders may arise from alterations in normal metabolism or from medications, particularly diuretics and osmotic laxatives, used in the treatment of these complex patients. Understanding the mechanistic underpinnings of these disorders can aid in the management of individuals with liver disease in the hospital and in outpatient settings.

Keywords: Cirrhosis; Hepatic encephalopathy; Metabolic acidosis; Respiratory alkalosis; Substrate induced diarrhea.