Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Aug 15;8(34):30802-30823.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01199. eCollection 2023 Aug 29.

Doped Ceria Nanomaterials: Preparation, Properties, and Uses

Khadijat Olabisi Abdulwahab  1   2 , Mohammad Mansoob Khan  3   4 , James Robert Jennings  1   4
Affiliations
Review

Doped Ceria Nanomaterials: Preparation, Properties, and Uses

Khadijat Olabisi Abdulwahab et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

Doping is a powerful strategy for enhancing the performance of ceria (CeO2) nanomaterials in a range of catalytic, photocatalytic, biomedical, and energy applications. The present review summarizes recent developments in the doping of ceria nanomaterials with metal and non-metal dopants for selected applications. The most important metal dopants are grouped into s, p, d, and f block elements, and the relevant synthetic methods, novel properties, and key applications of metal doped ceria are collated and critically discussed. Non-metal dopants are similarly examined and compared with metal dopants using the same performance criteria. The review reveals that non-metal (N, S, P, F, and Cl) doped ceria has mainly been synthesized by calcination and hydrothermal methods, and it has found applications mostly in photocatalysis or as a cathode material for LiS batteries. In contrast, metal doped ceria nanomaterials have been prepared by a wider range of synthetic routes and evaluated for a larger number of applications, including as catalysts or photocatalysts, as antibacterial agents, and in devices such as fuel cells, gas sensors, and colorimetric detectors. Dual/co-doped ceria containing both metals and non-metals are also reviewed, and it is found that co-doping often leads to improved properties compared with single-element doping. The review concludes with a future outlook that identifies unaddressed issues in the synthesis and applications of doped ceria nanomaterials.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Crystal structures of (a) pure ceria and (b) ceria containing M3+ ions and the associated oxygen vacancies.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Different types of dopants that have been successfully used to dope ceria.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Creation of band gap states and modification of the band gap energy in metal doped ceria.
Figure 4
Figure 4
TEM, HR-TEM, and SAED patterns of (a–c) undoped, (d–f) 4% Co-doped, and (g–i) 12% Co-doped ceria NPs. Reproduced from ref (70) under the terms of a Creative Commons CC-BY-4.0 license.
Figure 5
Figure 5
TEM, HR-TEM, and SAED patterns of (a–c) undoped, (d–f) 0.5% Pd-doped, and (g–i) 5% Pd-doped ceria NPs. Reproduced from ref (82) under the terms of a Creative Commons CC-BY-4.0 license.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Creation of band gap states and modification of the band gap energy in non-metal doped ceria.
Figure 7
Figure 7
SEM images illustrating the lamellar structure of undoped (a, b) and P-doped ceria (c, d). Reproduced from ref (106) with permission from Elsevier, Copyright 2020.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Various applications of doped ceria nanomaterials.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Montini T.; Melchionna M.; Monai M.; Fornasiero P. Fundamentals and Catalytic Applications of CeO2-Based Materials. Chem. Rev. 2016, 116 (10), 5987–6041. 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00603. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Mogensen M.; Sammes N. M.; Tompsett G. A. Physical, Chemical and Electrochemical Properties of Pure and Doped Ceria. Solid State Ionics 2000, 129 (1), 63–94. 10.1016/S0167-2738(99)00318-5. - DOI
    1. Naidi S. N.; Khan F.; Tan A. L.; Harunsani M. H.; Kim Y. M.; Khan M. M. Photoantioxidant and Antibiofilm Studies of Green Synthesized Sn-Doped CeO2nanoparticles Using Aqueous Leaf Extracts of: Pometia Pinnata. New J. Chem. 2021, 45 (17), 7816–7829. 10.1039/D1NJ00416F. - DOI
    1. Zhang D.; Du X.; Shi L.; Gao R. Shape-Controlled Synthesis and Catalytic Application of Ceria Nanomaterials. Dalt. Trans. 2012, 41 (48), 14455–14475. 10.1039/c2dt31759a. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Parwaiz S.; Bhunia K.; Das A. K.; Khan M. M.; Pradhan D. Cobalt-Doped Ceria/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst and Supercapacitor Material. J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121 (37), 20165–20176. 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b06846. - DOI