Effect of PCSK9 antibodies on coronary plaque regression and stabilization derived from intravascular imaging in patients with coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Despite extensive evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of the additional PCSK9 antibodies with high-density statins treatment on cardiovascular clinical outcomes, the potent causes underlying these effects remain elusive. This meta-analysis aimed at exploring the underlying causes to assess the effect of PCSK9 antibodies on the regression and stabilization of coronary plaque derived from intravascular imaging in statin-treated patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to February 1, 2023, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), nonrandomized studies without language restrictions if they described the association between PCSK9 antibodies with coronary plaque regression and stabilization evaluated by intravascular imaging in statin-treated patients with CAD. Meta-analyses were performed for mean difference (MD) and odds ratio (OR) using a random-effects model. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline.

Results: A total of 9 studies (7 RCTs and 2 non-RCTs) with 2290 CAD patients were identified and included. Among statin-treated CAD patients, the addition use of PCSK9 antibodies was associated with IVUS-derived percent atheroma volume (PAV) (4 studies with 1875 participants; MD, -1.26; 95% CI, -1.51 to -1.00; P < 0.01), total atheroma volume (TAV) (4 studies with 1875 participants; MD, -7.23; 95% CI, -11.28 to -3.18; P < 0.01), incidence of PAV regression (4 studies with 1875 participants; OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.81 to 2.77; P < 0.01) and incidence of TAV regression (3 studies with 1256 participants; OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.09; P < 0.01) in Caucasians instead of Asians from multiple countries; OCT-derived minimum fibrous cap thickness (FCT) (6 studies with 841 participants; MD, 25.16; 95% CI, 14.06 to 36.27; P < 0.01), incidence of thin-capped fibroatheroma (TCFA) regression (2 studies with 222 participants; OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.42 to 4.61; P < 0.01) and maximum lipid arc (4 studies with 280 participants; MD, -14.96; 95% CI, -22.10 to -7.83; P < 0.01) in Asians and Caucasians without races restrictions.

Conclusions: PCSK9 antibodies resulted in significantly greater coronary plaque regression and stabilization in statin-treated CAD patients, mostly Caucasians from multiple countries. Further studies are needed to assess the effect for Asian patients.

Keywords: Coronary artery disease; Coronary plaque; Intravascular imaging; Meta-analysis; PCSK9 antibody.