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Meta-Analysis
. 2024 Jan;21(1):e14348.
doi: 10.1111/iwj.14348. Epub 2023 Sep 4.

Risk factors of foot ulcers in patients with end-stage renal disease on dialysis: A meta-analysis

Shanshan Yan  1 , Dongfang Yao  2 , Ya Wang  1 , Jian Zhang  3
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Risk factors of foot ulcers in patients with end-stage renal disease on dialysis: A meta-analysis

Shanshan Yan et al. Int Wound J. 2024 Jan.

Retraction in

Abstract

The present study aims to assess the risk factors for foot ulcers in patients undergoing dialysis for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and to provide evidence-based guidance for prevention and treatment. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and Wanfang Data from the database inception until May 2023 to identify relevant studies investigating the risk factors for foot ulcers in dialysis patients with ESRD. Two independent researchers conducted the literature screening and data extraction. The meta-analysis was performed using STATA 17.0 software. Ultimately, six articles comprising 1620 patients were included for analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that male (OR, 1.464; 95% CI: 1.082-1.980, p = 0.013), hypertension (OR, 1.781; 95% CI: 1.293-2.4550, p < 0.001), peripheral artery disease (PAD) (OR, 5.014; 95% CI: 2.514-9.998, p < 0.001), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) (OR, 2.993; 95% CI: 1.477-6.065, p = 0.002) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (OR, 2.498; 95% CI:1.466-4.256, p = 0.001) were risk factors for foot ulcers in dialysis patients with ESRD. Conversely, the female sex (OR, 0.683; 95% CI: 0.505-0.924, p = 0.013) was a protective factor against foot ulcers. Our analysis revealed that male sex, hypertension, PAD, T1DM and T2DM were risk factors for foot ulcers in patients undergoing dialysis for ESRD. Conversely, the female sex was a protective factor against foot ulcers. Therefore, it is crucial to strengthen health education that targets patients with these risk factors and regularly screen high-risk individuals. Early detection and treatment can help delay disease progression.

Keywords: dialysis; end-stage renal disease; foot ulcers; meta-analysis; risk factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Flow diagram of the study selection process.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Forest plot of the effect of male on foot ulcer.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Forest plot of the effect of female on foot ulcer.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Forest plot of the effect of hypertension on foot ulcer.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Forest plot of the effect of peripheral arterial disease on foot ulcer.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Forest plot of the effect of type 1 diabetes mellitus on foot ulcer.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Forest plot of the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on foot ulcer.
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 8
Sensitivity analysis of the effect of peripheral arterial disease on foot ulcer.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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