Associations between parental depression, communication, and self-worth of siblings bereaved by cancer

Abstract

A child's death from cancer may increase the risk for poor self-worth in bereaved siblings. Furthermore, bereaved parents may experience depressive symptoms and communicate differently with their surviving children. However, limited research has examined family factors associated with self-worth in bereaved siblings. Thus, we examined: (a) differences in parental depressive symptoms, parent-child communication, and sibling self-worth between bereaved and nonbereaved families and (b) indirect effects of parental depressive symptoms and communication quality on the association between bereavement and sibling self-worth. Bereaved parents and siblings were recruited 3-12 months after a child's death from cancer. Bereaved (n = 72) and nonbereaved families of classmates (n = 58) completed home-based questionnaires upon enrollment (T1), and 48 bereaved and 45 nonbereaved families completed 1-year follow-up (T2). Relative to controls at T1 and T2, bereaved mothers, but not fathers, reported more depressive symptoms. Bereaved siblings reported poorer maternal and similar paternal communication, and similar levels of self-worth compared to controls. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal serial mediation models for mothers were significant. Bereaved mothers were at greater risk for depressive symptoms, which adversely affected sibling self-worth over time through disrupted mother-child communication. The father sample was limited, but the cross-sectional model was nonsignificant. Mothers and fathers may grieve differently and may require different therapeutic approaches. Family-centered interventions should target bereaved mothers' emotional adjustment and communication to enhance sibling self-worth. Additionally, clinicians should bolster other sources of support for bereaved siblings to promote adaptive outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Figure 1

Note. For the model depicted in Figure 1B, T1 self-worth was included as a covariate. T1 self-worth was significantly associated with T2 self-worth (b = 0.47, p < .001).