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Review
. 2023 Nov;56(7):556-560.
doi: 10.1007/s00391-023-02237-5. Epub 2023 Sep 7.

[Sleep and dementia]

[Article in German]
Geert Mayer  1   2 , Carla Stenmanns  3 , Thorsten R Doeppner  4 , Dirk M Hermann  5 , Janine Gronewold  5
Affiliations
Review

[Sleep and dementia]

[Article in German]
Geert Mayer et al. Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2023 Nov.

Abstract
in English, German

Aging is associated with changes in sleep structure and cerebral deposition of amyloid beta and tau proteins. Sleep disturbances precede the onset of dementia by years. Comorbid sleep disorders, such as insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing, a family history of dementia and epigenetic factors can contribute to the development of dementia. This article explores the question of the interaction between sleep and dementia based on the existing literature. Alterations caused by slow wave sleep lead to changes in the glymphatic clearance of amyloid beta, tau proteins and other proteins. Transient and chronic sleep disorders cause disturbances in the brain areas responsible for cognition and behavior. Sleep-regulating brain areas are the first to be affected in the neurodegenerative process and accelerate the risk of dementia. Circadian age-related changes in amyloid beta and tau proteins affect the amount and depth of sleep and vice versa. Amyloid beta in cerebrospinal fluid shows an inverse correlation with sleep. Orexins modulate amyloid beta and sleep.

Altern geht mit Änderungen der Schlafstruktur sowie zerebraler Ablagerung von Amyloid‑β und Tau-Proteinen einher. Schlafstörungen gehen dem Beginn einer Demenz um Jahre voraus. Komorbide Schlafstörungen wie Insomnien und schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen, familiäre Demenzbelastung und epigenetische Faktoren können zur Demenzentwicklung beitragen. Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach der Interaktion zwischen Schlaf und Demenz anhand von bisher existierender Literatur nach. Veränderungen von „slow wave sleep“ führen zu Änderungen der glymphatischen Clearance von Amyloid‑β, Tau- und anderen Proteinen. Transiente und chronifizierte Schlafstörungen verursachen Veränderungen in Gehirnarealen, die für Kognition und Verhalten verantwortlich sind. Schlafregulierende Hirnareale sind als erste im neurodegenerativen Prozess betroffen und beschleunigen das Demenzrisiko. Zirkadiane altersbedingte Änderungen von Amyloid‑β und Tau-Protein beeinflussen die Schlafmenge bzw. -tiefe und umgekehrt. Die Liquor-Aβ-Konzentration weist eine inverse Korrelation mit dem Schlaf auf. Orexine modulieren Amyloid‑β und Schlaf.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Amyloid beta; Mild cognitive impairment; Orexin; Tau protein.

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References

Literatur

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