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. 2023 Aug 24;24(17):13135.
doi: 10.3390/ijms241713135.

Octacalcium Phosphate-Laden Hydrogels on 3D-Printed Titanium Biomaterials Improve Corrosion Resistance in Simulated Biological Media

Aydin Bordbar-Khiabani  1 , Ilijana Kovrlija  2   3 , Janis Locs  2   3 , Dagnija Loca  2   3 , Michael Gasik  1
Affiliations

Octacalcium Phosphate-Laden Hydrogels on 3D-Printed Titanium Biomaterials Improve Corrosion Resistance in Simulated Biological Media

Aydin Bordbar-Khiabani et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

The inflammatory-associated corrosion of metallic dental and orthopedic implants causes significant complications, which may result in the implant's failure. The corrosion resistance can be improved with coatings and surface treatments, but at the same time, it might affect the ability of metallic implants to undergo proper osteointegration. In this work, alginate hydrogels with and without octacalcium phosphate (OCP) were made on 3D-printed (patterned) titanium alloys (Ti Group 2 and Ti-Al-V Group 23) to enhance their anticorrosion properties in simulated normal, inflammatory, and severe inflammatory conditions in vitro. Alginate (Alg) and OCP-laden alginate (Alg/OCP) hydrogels were manufactured on the surface of 3D-printed Ti substrates and were characterized with wettability analysis, XRD, and FTIR. The electrochemical characterization of the samples was carried out with open circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was observed that the hydrophilicity of Alg/OCP coatings was higher than that of pure Alg and that OCP phase crystallinity was increased when samples were subjected to simulated biological media. The corrosion resistance of uncoated and coated samples was lower in inflammatory and severe inflammatory environments vs. normal media, but the hydrogel coatings on 3D-printed Ti layers moved the corrosion potential towards more nobler values, reducing the corrosion current density in all simulated solutions. These measurements revealed that OCP particles in the Alg hydrogel matrix noticeably increased the electrical charge transfer resistance at the substrate and coating interface more than with Alg hydrogel alone.

Keywords: alginate; electrochemical behavior; hydrogel; implants; octacalcium phosphate; simulated inflammatory conditions; titanium.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
FESEM micrographs of Alg coating on 3D-printed (a) Ti Gr2 and (b) Ti Gr23 and Alg/OCP coatings on (c) Ti Gr2 and (d) Ti Gr23. The PBS solution droplet contact angle for hydrogel coatings on 3D-printed substrates are shown in insert images.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Physicochemical characterization of alginate, OCP, and the coating prior to the immersion (Alg/OCP) and after 1 h immersion in simulated normal (Alg/OCP N), inflammatory (Alg/OCP I), and severe inflammatory (Alg/OCP SI) conditions. (a) X-ray diffractograms; (b) FTIR spectra.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Open circuit potential monitoring of the prepared Alg and Alg/OCP coatings on 3D-printed Ti Gr2 and Ti Gr23 layers exposed in simulatednormal, inflammatory, and severe inflammatory conditions for 1 h.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Potentiodynamic polarization curves of the prepared Alg and Alg/OCP coatings on 3D-printed Ti Gr2 and Ti Gr23 layers exposed in simulated normal, inflammatory, and severe inflammatory conditions for 1 h.
Figure 5
Figure 5
EIS plots of the prepared Alg and Alg/OCP coatings on 3D-printed Ti Gr2 and Ti Gr23 layers exposed in simulated normal, inflammatory, and severe inflammatory conditions for 1 h: Nyquist plots. Nyquist plots for the severe inflammatory condition have been enlarged for better display.
Figure 6
Figure 6
EIS plots of the prepared Alg and Alg/OCP coatings on 3D-printed Ti Gr2 and Ti Gr23 layers exposed in simulated (a) normal, (b) inflammatory, and (c) severe inflammatory conditions for 1 h: (a–c) Bode modulus and (d–f) Bode phase plots.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Schematic illustration of preparing Alg/OCP hydrogel coatings on 3D-printed Ti samples for electrochemical studies.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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