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Review
. 2023 Aug 27;24(17):13288.
doi: 10.3390/ijms241713288.

Advances in Treatment of Dyslipidemia

Jill Dybiec  1 , Wiktoria Baran  1 , Bartłomiej Dąbek  1 , Piotr Fularski  1 , Ewelina Młynarska  1 , Ewa Radzioch  1 , Jacek Rysz  2 , Beata Franczyk  1
Affiliations
Review

Advances in Treatment of Dyslipidemia

Jill Dybiec et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Dyslipidemias have emerged as prevalent disorders among patients, posing significant risks for the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. These conditions are characterized by elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). This review delves into the current treatment approach, focusing on equalizing these parameters while enhancing the overall quality of life for patients. Through an extensive analysis of clinical trials, we identify disorders that necessitate alternative treatment strategies, notably familial hypercholesterolemia. The primary objective of this review is to consolidate existing information concerning drugs with the potential to revolutionize dyslipidemia management significantly. Among these promising pharmaceuticals, we highlight alirocumab, bempedoic acid, antisense oligonucleotides, angiopoietin-like protein inhibitors, apolipoprotein C-III (APOC3) inhibitors, lomitapide, and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors. Our review demonstrates the pivotal roles played by each of these drugs in targeting specific parameters of lipid metabolism. We outline the future landscape of dyslipidemia treatment, envisaging a more tailored and effective therapeutic approach to address this widespread medical concern.

Keywords: alirocumab; cardiovascular disease; cholesterol; dyslipidemia; familial hypercholesterolemia; lomitapide.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Therapeutic goals for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol depending on cardiovascular risk. ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BP, blood pressure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FH, familiar hypercholesterolemia; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; RF, risk factor; SCORE, Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation; T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; TC, total cholesterol.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Patient groups participating in the clinical trial.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Side effects of bempedoic acid [67].
Figure 4
Figure 4
Functional mechanisms of ASOs.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Processes with involvement of ANGPTL.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Mechanisms of apolipoprotein C3.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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