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Review
. 2023 Aug 28;24(17):13333.
doi: 10.3390/ijms241713333.

High-Tech Methods of Cytokine Imbalance Correction in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Natalia A Shnayder  1   2 , Azamat V Ashhotov  1 , Vera V Trefilova  1   3 , Maxim A Novitsky  3 , German V Medvedev  4 , Marina M Petrova  2 , Ekaterina A Narodova  2 , Daria S Kaskaeva  2 , Galina A Chumakova  5 , Natalia P Garganeeva  6 , Natalia V Lareva  7 , Mustafa Al-Zamil  8 , Azat R Asadullin  9 , Regina F Nasyrova  1   10
Affiliations
Review

High-Tech Methods of Cytokine Imbalance Correction in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Natalia A Shnayder et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

An important mechanism for the development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is an imbalance between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therapeutic and non-therapeutic approaches for cytokine imbalance correction in IDD either do not give the expected result, or give a short period of time. This explains the relevance of high-tech medical care, which is part of specialized care and includes the use of new resource-intensive methods of treatment with proven effectiveness. The aim of the review is to update knowledge about new high-tech methods based on cytokine imbalance correction in IDD. It demonstrates promise of new approaches to IDD management in patients resistant to previously used therapies, including: cell therapy (stem cell implantation, implantation of autologous cultured cells, and tissue engineering); genetic technologies (gene modifications, microRNA, and molecular inducers of IDD); technologies for influencing the inflammatory cascade in intervertebral discs mediated by abnormal activation of inflammasomes; senolytics; exosomal therapy; and other factors (hypoxia-induced factors; lysyl oxidase; corticostatin; etc.).

Keywords: cell technology; genetic technology; high-tech method; inflammation; intervertebral disk degeneration; treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
High-tech methods of treatment of complex diseases.
Figure 2
Figure 2
High-tech methods of treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration and indications for their use.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Risk factors of intervertebral disc degeneration in humans [3].
Figure 4
Figure 4
Possible variants of cytokine balance disorders in patients with intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) [3]. Note: SNV—single-nucleotide variant; anti—anti-inflammation cytokines; pro—pro-inflammation cytokines; solid line—well-studied mechanisms of IDD; dotted line—insufficiently studied mechanisms of IDD; down arrow—decreased cytokine level; up arrow—increased cytokine level; and red exclamation point in a yellow hexagon—a dangerous situation.
Figure 5
Figure 5
High-tech methods for correcting cytokine imbalance: the figure demonstrates that these methods can be used as a separate method, and as a combination of methods (arrow interlacing).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Evolution of approaches to the prevention and treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration in humans.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Molecular mechanisms of action of new high-tech methods for correcting cytokine imbalance in intervertebral disc degeneration (modified by the authors from Shnayder et al. [4]).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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