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. 2023 Aug 28;23(17):7471.
doi: 10.3390/s23177471.

Bandwidth Enhancement of a V-Band Klystron with Stagger-Tuned Multiple Radial Re-Entrant Cavities

M Santosh Kumar  1 , Santigopal Maity  1 , Soumaya Mandal  1 , Debasish Pal  2   3 , Chaitali Koley  1 , Ayan Kumar Bandyopadhyay  2   3
Affiliations

Bandwidth Enhancement of a V-Band Klystron with Stagger-Tuned Multiple Radial Re-Entrant Cavities

M Santosh Kumar et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

The V-band frequencies are becoming popular due to their application potential towards secure high data rate communications. This article reports bandwidth enhancement of an 11-cavity V-band Klystron amplifier employing staggered tuning. A systematic approach is presented to stagger-tune the periodically allocated multiple cavities of the Klystron operating at 60.1 GHz. Using the three-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation, it is shown that, employing the proposed approach, the -3 dB bandwidth of the device (with peak tuned configuration) has been increased from 165 MHz to 540 MHz, demonstrating a 260% increment. The -1 dB bandwidth of the device is estimated to be 270 MHz. The proposed approach of stagger tuning may be employed for similar devices employing multiple RF cavities to meet the requirement of wide bandwidth.

Keywords: V-band Klystron; bandwidth enhancement; high data rate communication; stagger tuning; vacuum electronic amplifiers.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Perspective view of RRSC: (a) input/output cavity, (b) intermediate cavity, and (c) schematic diagram indicating a geometrical parameter of an intermediate cavity.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Structure of the RF section for proposed MCK.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Cross-sectional views of the input–output cavities: (a) perspective view, (b) side view, and (c) top view of the proposed device.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Representation of the stagger tuning technic with a flow chat.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Input signal at input port and amplified RF signal at RF output port (synchronous tuning).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Bandwidth plot of the proposed device in synchronous tuning configuration: (a) −1 dB bandwidth plot and (b) −3 dB bandwidth plot.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Phase space plot of the particles plotted in z-direction.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The electron trajectory along the drift tube shows bunching of the same near the output cavity section.
Figure 9
Figure 9
The input signal at the input port and amplified RF signal at the RF output port (stagger tuning).
Figure 10
Figure 10
The −3 dB bandwidth plots of the RF section with (a) IC9 tuned at 60.1 GHz, (b) IC8 tuned at 60.1 GHz, (c) IC7 tuned at 60.1 GHz, (d) IC6 tuned at 60.1 GHz, (e) IC5 tuned at 60.1 GHz, (f) IC4 tuned at 60.1 GHz, (g) IC3 tuned at 60.1 GHz, and (h) IC2 tuned at 60.1 GHz.
Figure 11
Figure 11
(a) The −1 dB bandwidth plot of the RF section with IC1 tuned at 60.4 GHz (all others are tuned at 60.1 GHz) and (b) −3 dB bandwidth plot of the same configuration.
Figure 12
Figure 12
FT magnitude vs. frequency.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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