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. 2023 Aug 28;23(17):7485.
doi: 10.3390/s23177485.

Enhanced Dual-Selection Krill Herd Strategy for Optimizing Network Lifetime and Stability in Wireless Sensor Networks

Allam Balaram  1 , Rajendiran Babu  2 , Miroslav Mahdal  3 , Dowlath Fathima  4 , Neeraj Panwar  5 , Janjhyam Venkata Naga Ramesh  6 , Muniyandy Elangovan  7   8
Affiliations

Enhanced Dual-Selection Krill Herd Strategy for Optimizing Network Lifetime and Stability in Wireless Sensor Networks

Allam Balaram et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) enable communication among sensor nodes and require efficient energy management for optimal operation under various conditions. Key challenges include maximizing network lifetime, coverage area, and effective data aggregation and planning. A longer network lifetime contributes to improved data transfer durability, sensor conservation, and scalability. In this paper, an enhanced dual-selection krill herd (KH) optimization clustering scheme for resource-efficient WSNs with minimal overhead is introduced. The proposed approach increases overall energy utilization and reduces inter-node communication, addressing energy conservation challenges in node deployment and clustering for WSNs as optimization problems. A dynamic layering mechanism is employed to prevent repetitive selection of the same cluster head nodes, ensuring effective dual selection. Our algorithm is designed to identify the optimal solution through enhanced exploitation and exploration processes, leveraging a modified krill-based clustering method. Comparative analysis with benchmark approaches demonstrates that the proposed model enhances network lifetime by 23.21%, increases stable energy by 19.84%, and reduces network latency by 22.88%, offering a more efficient and reliable solution for WSN energy management.

Keywords: dual mechanism; exploitation; exploration; krill herd; latency; stability.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart for the proposed algorithm’s CH selection.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Optimal solution finding.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Sensor field used for experiment.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Comparison of live nodes in each round.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Comparison of dead nodes in each round.
Figure 6
Figure 6
In each round, a comparison of the packets transferred from CHs to BS is made.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Comparison of packets sent to CHs from nodes.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Packets transmitted to and from CHs by nodes, compared with the proposed algorithm.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Number of CHs produced during the LEACH algorithm’s execution.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Connected living nodes with their current round counts.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Nodes that have died, accompanied by a count of rounds.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Energy remaining after a certain number of rounds.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Productivity in relation to iterations.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Comparison of network lifetimes for low, medium, and high sensor node density.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Impact of sensor density on energy use.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Processing capacity at varying sensor densities.
Figure 17
Figure 17
Different sensor node densities’ effects on the delivery rate of packets.
Figure 18
Figure 18
Future of the proposed network scheme.
Figure 19
Figure 19
The suggested scheme’s expected lifespan in a network.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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