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. 2023 Aug 22;8(35):31962-31971.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03776. eCollection 2023 Sep 5.

Novel Enzymatic Biosensor Utilizing a MoS2/MoO3 Nanohybrid for the Electrochemical Detection of Xanthine in Fish Meat

Prateek Sharma  1 , Deeksha Thakur  2 , Devendra Kumar  2
Affiliations

Novel Enzymatic Biosensor Utilizing a MoS2/MoO3 Nanohybrid for the Electrochemical Detection of Xanthine in Fish Meat

Prateek Sharma et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

A rapid, reliable, and user-friendly electrochemical sensor was developed for the detection of xanthine (Xn), an important biomarker of food quality. The developed sensor is based on a nanocomposite comprised of molybdenum disulfide-molybdenum trioxide (MoS2/MoO3) and synthesized using a single-pot hydrothermal method. Structural analysis of the MoS2/MoO3 nanocomposite was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, while its compositional properties were evaluated through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Morphological features were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 offers advantages such as a high surface-to-volume ratio, biocompatibility, and strong light-matter interaction, whereas MoO3 serves as an effective electron transfer mediator and exhibits excellent stability in aqueous environments. The enzymatic biosensor derived from this nanocomposite demonstrates remarkable cyclic stability and a low limit of detection of 64 nM. It enables rapid, reproducible, specific, and reproducible detection over 10 cycles while maintaining a shelf life of more than 5 weeks. These findings highlight the potential of our proposed approach for the development of early detection devices for Xn.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Scheme describing the fabrication of the MoS2/MoO3 nanosheet-based enzymatic biosensor.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Raman spectrum of MoS2/MoO3 nanosheets; the inset shows the characteristic bands for MoS2 nanosheets.
Figure 3
Figure 3
XPS spectra of (a) MoS2/MoO3 nanosheets, (b) XPS map of the Mo 3d element, (c) XPS map of the S 2s element, and (d) XPS map of O 1s.
Figure 4
Figure 4
SEM images (a, b), EDX analysis (c), and elemental mapping of the components (d–f) for MoS2/MoO3 nanosheets.
Figure 5
Figure 5
TEM images at different resolutions: (a–c) SAED patterns of the synthesized MoS2/MoO3 nanosheets.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) EIS curves and (b) CV curves of prepared MoS2/ITO and XOD/MoS2/MoO3/ITO electrodes.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) CV at different scan rates, (b) anodic and cathodic peak current, and (c) anodic and cathodic peak voltage of the MoS2/MoO3/XOD/ITO electrode.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a) DPV studies showing the current response of the MoS2/MoO3/XOD/ITO electrode and (b) current calibration plot with increasing concentration of Xn.
Figure 9
Figure 9
DPV studies of the real sample from fish showing the current response of the XOD/MoS2/MoO3/ITO electrode with increasing concentration of Xn.
Figure 10
Figure 10
(a) Specificity and (b) reproducibility tests of the XOD/MoS2/MoO3/ITO electrode for Xn detection in the fish sample.
Figure 11
Figure 11
(a) Reusability tests conducted upto 10 cycles and (b) shelf-life study of upto 5 weeks of the fabricated enzymatic biosensor.
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