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. 2023 Aug 25:14:1245416.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1245416. eCollection 2023.

Genomic characterization of dengue virus serotype 2 during dengue outbreak and endemics in Hangzhou, Zhejiang (2017-2019)

Hua Sun  1 , Wenwu Yao  2 , Abubakar Siddique  3   4 , Fan He  2 , Min Yue  3   4   5
Affiliations

Genomic characterization of dengue virus serotype 2 during dengue outbreak and endemics in Hangzhou, Zhejiang (2017-2019)

Hua Sun et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Introduction: Dengue fever (DF) is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV). In recent years, Hangzhou has undergone a DF epidemic, particularly in 2017, with an outbreak of 1,128 patients. The study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and molecular evolution among the DF clinical isolates during and after the outbreak to aid in mapping its spread.

Methods: To understand the genetic diversity, 74 DENV-2 strains were isolated from DF epidemic cases between 2017 and 2019. Combining whole genome sequencing (WGS) technology, additional phylogenetic, haplotype, amino acid (AA) substitution, and recombination analyses were performed.

Results: The results revealed that strains from 2017 were closely related to those from Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand, indicating an imported international transmission. Local strains from 2018 were clustered with those recovered from 2019 and were closely associated with Guangzhou isolates, suggesting a within-country transmission after the significant outbreak in 2017. Compared to DENV-2 virus P14337 (Thailand/0168/1979), a total of 20 AA substitutions were detected. Notably, V431I, T2881I, and K3291T mutations only occurred in indigenous cases from 2017, and A1402T, V1457I, Q2777E, R3189K, and Q3310R mutations were exclusively found in imported cases from 2018 to 2019. The recombination analysis indicated that a total of 14 recombination events were observed.

Conclusion: This study may improve our understanding of DENV transmission in Hangzhou and provide further insight into DENV-2 transmission and the local vaccine choice.

Keywords: arboviruses; dengue virus; phylogenetic analysis; recombinant analysis; whole genome sequencing.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Phylogenetic analysis of 74 DENV-2 Cosmopolitan genotype genomes. The strains from 2017, 2018, and 2019 are labeled in red, blue, and orange lines, respectively. The inference sequences are marked in green lines. Node color marked as support represents bootstrap values of a phylogenetic analysis by IQ-Tree.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Amino acid substitutions in 74 complete genomic sequences of DENV-2. The amino acid mutations are labeled with different colors. The indicated numbers represent the amino acid change per position.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Phylogenetic networks of 74 DENV-2 strains. Each node in the network represents a haplotype. The red nodes represent the strains from 2017, and the blue and green nodes represent the strains from 2018 and 2019, respectively.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Analysis of recombination for 74 DENV-2 complete genomic sequences by RDP5. Each analysis considers different parent sequences (different colors) plotted in a graph assuming the vertical-axis pairwise identity and, on the horizontal axis, position on the genome. (A) The homology between genomes of HZ17-439_2017, HZ17-1003_2017 and HZ17-377_2017; (B) The homology between genomes of HZ18-559_2018, HZ18-326_2018 and HZ18-377_2018; (C) The homology between genomes of HZ18-524_2018, HZ18-326_2018 and HZ18-377_2018; (D) The homology between genomes of HZ18-25_2018, HZ18-559_2018 and HZ18-31_2018; (E) The homology between genomes of HZ19-620_2019, HZ19-682_2019 and HZ19-16_2019; (F) The homology between genomes of HZ19-635_2019, HZ19-682_2019 and HZ19-518_2019.
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