Description of the Quality of Life of Patients With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah

Abstract

Objective Stroke is a serious medical condition that causes long-term morbidity and disability. There are two types of stroke, i.e., ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) accounts for 5% of all stroke cases worldwide. Stroke survivors may experience cognitive dysfunction in many forms. Evidence regarding the quality of life (QoL) of patients post-SAH in the Middle East is limited. Therefore, this study aims to describe the quality of life in patients with SAH at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from April 2021 to October 2021. Methods We included patients who were diagnosed with SAH ≤ 10 years prior at our hospital and were admitted within 72 hours of the ictus. Patients were included using non-probability convenience sampling without randomization. We collected the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), World Federation of Neurosurgeons (WFNS), and Modified Glasgow Outcome Scale (MGOS) scores. Results We included 48 patients (mean age: 49.78 ± 19.44 years, male proportion: 62.5%). More than 50% of the participants had comorbidities. The mean baseline GCS, WFNS, and MGOS scores at admission were 12.62 ± 3.56, 2.19 ± 1.54, and 3.58 ± 1.67, respectively. Women had significantly higher MGOS scores than men (p ≤ 0.05). Death was significantly associated with low MGOS scores (p ≤ 0.05). Age showed a non-significant negative correlation with the MGOS score (r = - 0.17, p-value = 0.24). Finally, the MGOS score was significantly correlated with the baseline GCS and WFNS scores at admission (r = 0.68 and r = - 0.67, respectively). Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that a low MGOS score, which indicates more comorbidities, greatly affects the quality of life of patients with SAH. Moreover, the baseline GCS score was the best prognostic predictor for patients with SAH.

Keywords: mgos; modified glasgow outcome scale; prognosis; quality of life; subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Figure 1. Distribution of the included patients according to MGOS grade.

MGOS: Modified Glasgow Outcome Scale

Figure 2. Relationship between MGOS grades and death.

N.B.: (χ2=48, p-value ≤ 0.001); MGOS: Modified Glasgow Outcome Scale

Figure 3. Spearman’s correlation analysis between MGOS score and age.

N.B.: r=−0.17, p-value=0.24; MGOS: Modified Glasgow Outcome Scale

Figure 4. Spearman’s correlation analysis between MGOS score and initial GCS score.

N.B.: r=0.68, p-value ≤ 0.001; MGOS: Modified Glasgow Outcome Scale, GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale

Figure 5. Spearman’s correlation analysis between MGOS score and WFNS score at admission.

N.B.: r=−0.67, p-value ≤ 0.001; MGOS: Modified Glasgow Outcome Scale; WFNS: World Federation of Neurosurgeons