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. 2023 Apr;43(Suppl 1):S61-S66.
doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-suppl.1-43-2023-08.

Recurring benign paroxysmal positional vertigo after successful canalith repositioning manoeuvers

Affiliations

Recurring benign paroxysmal positional vertigo after successful canalith repositioning manoeuvers

Augusto Pietro Casani et al. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2023 Apr.

Abstract

Le recidive della vertigine parossistica posizionale benigna dopo il successo della terapia con manovre di riposizionamento otolitico.

Riassunto: Sono stati presi in considerazione 1.428 soggetti osservati, dal primo gennaio 1996 al 31 dicembre 2000, con diagnosi di vertigine parossistica posizionale. Scopo del lavoro era di verificare il numero di recidive manifestatesi nei venti anni successivi al primo episodio vertiginoso confermato clinicamente. A questo scopo sono state controllate cartelle cliniche di ogni paziente. Su 1.428 casi (corrispondenti a 1.067 pazienti alcuni dei quali avevano avuto più di un episodio) diagnosticati quasi il 77% dei pazienti (820/1.067) non è recidivato e meno del 17% dei pazienti (180/1.067) ha presentato una sola ripresa della sintomatologia vertiginosa. Inoltre solo in 67 casi su 1.067 (poco più del 6% dei casi) si assiste a più di due recidive. La vertigine parossistica posizionale da canalolitiasi è una affezione che tende a recidivare. Le reali recidive però sembrano meno di quelle che ci si può aspettare e sembra che una profilassi farmacologica sia consigliabile solo nei pazienti con tendenza ad un numero elevato di recidive od in pazienti da valutare caso per caso. Nella quasi totalità dei pazienti sembra preferibile alla profilassi farmacologica l’esecuzione delle manovre al momento della recidiva.

Keywords: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; dizziness; risk factors; vertigo.

Plain language summary

Benign baroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) represents the most common peripheral vestibular dysfunction encountered in clinical practice. Although canalith repositioning procedures (CRPs) are a relatively successful treatment for BPPV, many patients suffer from recurrences. Several studies have demonstrated that various pathological conditions (diabetes, hypertension, endolymphatic hydrops, low vitamin D levels) as well as delayed BPPV treatment using CRP, multiple canal involvement may be associated with recurrence of BPPV. We evaluated the history of 1,428 patients (558 males and 870 females, age range 10-92 years) suffering from BPPV. Of 1,428 cases, 820 (77%) did not relapse in the following 20 years. Mean age and gender did not differ significantly between groups with and without recurrence. Regarding risk factors for BPPV recurrence, age, female gender, migraine, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, osteoporosis, vascular diseases, and vitamin D deficiency may be associated with recurrent BPPV and should be kept in mind. Osteoporosis, vitamin D deficiency as well as thyroid dysfunction should be evaluated in postmenopausal women. Treatment of these comorbidities may help to reduce the risk of BPPV recurrence.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Distribution of the number of recurrencies in 1,067 patients diagnosed with BPPV during 1996-2020. The majority of patients showed no more than 2 recurrences in the 20 years following the onset of the first episode of BPPV.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Mean age of the patients affected by recurrent BPPV distributed by the number of recurrences (r: recurrences). The patients with more than 4 recurrences showed an age > 65 years, with no statistical significance.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Sex distribution based on of the number of recurrences of BPPV (r: recurrences). Although recurrences are more frequent in women in any group, no significant difference was found.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
The recurrence of BPPV is caused by the same (large) debris returning to the semicircular canal (s.c.); in this case, the positional attack of vertigo occurs on the same side, no more than 6 to 8 weeks after the first episode (A-B). If the same debris re-enters the semicircular canal it induces less intense symptoms because the mass became smaller due to its partial reabsorption (C-D).
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
The recurrence of BPPV is influenced by the dimension of the otolithic mass (Q). The likelihood of recurrence is greater as the mass increases in size, which however decreases over time based on mobilisation (spontaneous or induced by CRM). The higher k (the variable influencing the reabsorption time) the more the patient moves and the sooner the patient recovers.
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