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. 2023 Sep 12;9(1):42.
doi: 10.1038/s41405-023-00168-2.

Cross-cultural translation and modification of the revised oral assessment guide for oral health assessment by non-dentists

Nareudee Limpuangthip  1 , Orapin Komin  2 , Jumphitta Chaichaowarat  3 , Patthamaporn Phumkor  4
Affiliations

Cross-cultural translation and modification of the revised oral assessment guide for oral health assessment by non-dentists

Nareudee Limpuangthip et al. BDJ Open. .

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to conduct a cross-cultural translation of the revised oral assessment guide (ROAG) into Thai language and to modify the tool to increase its validity and reliability.

Materials and methods: The present study was a cross-sectional design conducted in dental and hospitalized patients, and community-dwelling people. The original English-version of the ROAG was translated into Thai, which was evaluated for validity and reliability. The tool was then revised to develop the modified ROAG for non-dentist (ndROAG) comprising 9 oral assessment categories with a three-level response; healthy, mild, and severe alteration. The criterion validity of the ndROAG was tested in 82 adult and older participants, and 46 non-dentists comprising dental assistants, dental hygienists, community health volunteers, and nurses, using a calibrated dentist as the reference standard. The ndROAG was translated back into an English version. The criterion validity was evaluated using weighted Kappa (Kw) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Internal consistency was determined using Cronbach alpha. The three-level response was dichotomized into healthy and changed to determine the sensitivity and specificity.

Results: The Kw values, ICC, and Cronbach alpha values of the ndROAG were higher than those of the pre-test ROAG. The sensitivity of the ndROAG in identifying the healthy and changed state ranged from 57.1 to 100.0% with the lowest value in the saliva category, whereas the specificity ranged from 90.9-100.0%.

Conclusion: The original ROAG was translated and revised into the ndROAG with improved validity and reliability. The ndROAG can be used by non-dentists to assess the oral health of adult and older individuals to detect oral changes, which includes self-care instructions and patient referral guidance.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Flow diagram of the study.
CHV community health volunteer, DA dental assistant, DH dental hygienist, ROAG revised oral assessment guide, O and E English-translated original ROAG, T Thai-translated original ROAG, mROAG modified version of the ROAG, ndE English-translated non-dentist ROAG, ndT Thai-translated non-dentist ROAG, ndROAG non-dentist ROAG
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