Heart Failure Burden in Oman as a Mid-East Exemplar Versus Global Perspectives: An Integrative Review

Abstract

Heart failure (HF), a clinical syndrome caused by a structural and functional cardiac abnormality and corroborated by elevated natriuretic peptide levels and pulmonary congestion. This study intends to investigate the state of heart failure (HF) in Oman and assess it in comparison of global trends. Ten published literatures from the past 20 years were included after a thorough search of databases (Arab World Research Source, EBSCOhost, Medline, and Google Scholar). These studies were reviewed considering the global literature. We have observed an increase in HF cases especially in older adults, over the past two decades in Oman. Acute coronary syndrome and non-compliance with medication are two factors that contribute to acute HF, according to recent research. Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of HF in the Omani population. The mortality rate for HF patients in Oman was reported to be 25% after a one-year follow-up. The younger population that is diagnosed with HF in Oman is significantly worse than in other nations, according to these data, which are consistent with global trends. The lack of published studies and data sets hampered our understanding of heart failure (HF); yet prevalence of HF is rising and is anticipated to surge with the rise in diabetes mellitus and hypertension and other related cardiovascular precursors. Therefore, HF requires more investigation. In terms of worldwide trends, HF in Oman appears to be even worse; additional information is required to grasp the full picture on HF.

Keywords: Cardiovascular; Global; Heart failure; Integrative review; Oman.

Fig. 1

Flow diagram of extracting process of references.

Fig. 2

Global Burden of Heart Failure. Note: Completed or active global epidemiological studies of heart failure encompassing >500 000 patients across >75 countries. ADHERE = Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry; ADHERE-AP = Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry International–Asia Pacific; ASIAN-HF = Asian Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure; ATTEND = Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Syndromes; EHFS = European Heart Failure Survey; ESC-HF = European Society of Cardiology-Heart Failure; G-CHF = Global Congestive Heart Failure; GWTG-HF = Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure; INTER-CHF = International Congestive Heart Failure Study; OPTIMIZE-HF = Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients With Heart Failure; PEOPLE = Prospective Evaluation of Outcome in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction; REPORT-HF = International Registry to assess medical Practice with Longitudinal Observation for Treatment of Heart Failure; SHOP = Singapore Heart Failure Outcomes and Phenotypes; THESUS-HF = The Sub-Saharan Africa Survey of Heart Failure.