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Review
. 2023 Sep 1;31(3):350-358.
doi: 10.53854/liim-3103-8. eCollection 2023.

Evolution of Plasmodium vivax and resistance patterns for infection based on Duffy genotype and phenotype

Yelson Alejandro Picón-Jaimes  1 , Ivan David Lozada-Martinez  2 , María Camila Forero Buelvas  3 , Andrés Felipe Ardila Sarmiento  3 , Gustavo Adolfo Serrano Baez  4 , Deilly Yohana Nazareno Erazo  5 , José Daniel Cuastumal Martínez  5 , Franklin Kevin Ruiz-Gutierrez  6 , Victor Daniel Carreño Barrera  7
Affiliations
Review

Evolution of Plasmodium vivax and resistance patterns for infection based on Duffy genotype and phenotype

Yelson Alejandro Picón-Jaimes et al. Infez Med. .

Abstract

The Duffy protein, a transmembrane molecule, acts as a receptor for various chemokines and facilitates binding between reticulocytes and the Plasmodium Duffy antigen binding protein. Duffy expression is associated with the Duffy chemokine receptor antigen genotype on chromosome 1 and exhibits variation across different geographic regions. Traditionally, the Duffy negative genotype and phenotype have been described to confer a certain level of protection against infection and symptom development. However, recent data suggest a shift in this behavior, with significantly higher prevalence observed in individuals with Duffy negative genotype or phenotype. Given that malaria is an endemic vector-borne disease in regions of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, posing a substantial global burden of disease and prioritizing public and global health, identifying evolutionary changes in infection and resistance patterns holds great importance for the design of strategies and reevaluation of conventional interventions. Hence, the aim of this review was to analyze the evolution of Plasmodium vivax and infection resistance patterns based on Duffy genotype and phenotype. The distribution of genotypes, phenotypes, and polymorphisms of P. vivax ligands and erythrocyte receptors varies geographically, notably resistance patterns of this microorganism in individuals with Duffy negative genotype and phenotype have significantly changed compared to studies conducted 30 years ago. The prevalence of vivax malaria in individuals with a Duffy negative status can reach up to 100%. Consequently, prioritizing research on this topic is essential for public health.

Keywords: Plasmodium; Plasmodium vivax; disease resistance; duffy blood-group system; malaria.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest in regard to this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Interaction between the Duffy protein or DARC and the PvDBP of Plasmodium vivax merozoite. DARC: Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines; PvDBP: P. vivax Reticulocyte Binding Protein; TfR: Transferrin receptor. Source: authors.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Reticulocyte binding proteins and ligands of Plasmodium vivax merozoite. DARC: Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines; PvDBP: P. vivax Reticulocyte Binding Protein. Source: authors.
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