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. 2023 Oct;30(47):104814-104832.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-29549-8. Epub 2023 Sep 15.

Bioremediation of n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals from wastewater using seaweeds

Faiza M A Akl  1 , Suzan I Ahmed  1 , Mostafa M El-Sheekh  2 , Mofida E M Makhlof  3
Affiliations

Bioremediation of n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals from wastewater using seaweeds

Faiza M A Akl et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Oct.

Abstract

The removal of n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals from wastewater using three dried seaweeds Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus (green alga), Sargassum latifolium (Turner) C.Agardh (brown alga), and Corallina officinalis Kützing (red alga) has been shown to evaluate their potential usage as inexpensive adsorbents. Under natural environmental conditions, numerous analytical methods, including zeta potential, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), SEM, and FT-IR, are used in this study. The results showed that n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorption increased with increasing contact time for all three selected algae, with a large removal observed after 15 days, while the optimal contact time for heavy metal removal was 3 h. S. latifolium dry biomass had more potential as bioadsorbent, followed by C. officinalis and then U. intestinalis. S. latifolium attained removal percentages of 65.14%, 72.50%, and 78.92% for light n-alkanes, heavy n-alkanes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), respectively, after 15 days. Furthermore, it achieved removal percentages of 94.14, 92.62, 89.54, 87.54, 82.76, 80.95, 77.78, 73.02, and 71.62% for Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, Cr, Pb, Cd, Mn, and Ni, respectively, after 3 h. Carboxyl and hydroxyl from FTIR analysis took part in wastewater treatment. The zeta potentials revealed that algal cells have a negatively charged surface, and the cell surface of S. latifolium has a more negative surface charge than U. intestinalis and C. officinalis. Our study suggests that seaweeds could play an important role in wastewater treatment and thus help as an economical, effective, and ecofriendly bioremediation system for ecological health and life protection.

Keywords: Adsorption; Heavy metals; Marine macroalgae; Polycyclic romatic hydrocarbons; n-Alkanes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
El Amia drain at El-Tabia Region in Alexandria
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Removal percentage of light n-alkanes, heavy n-alkanes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from wastewater at different time intervals using Ulva intestinalis, Sargassum latifolium, and Corallina officinalis dry biomass
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Removal percentage of heavy metals (Ni, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mg) from wastewater at different time intervals using Ulva intestinalis, Sargassum latifolium, and Corallina officinalis dry biomass
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
FTIR of Ulva intestinalis, before (b) and after (a) adsorption experiments
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
FTIR of Saragassum latifolium before (b) and after (a) adsorption experiments
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
FTIR of Corallina officinalis before (b) and after (a) adsorption experiments
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
EDX of the surface of U. intestinalis (E), S. latifolium (S), and C. officinalis before (b) and after (a) adsorption experiments
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
EDX of the surface of U. intestinalis (E), S. latifolium (S), and C. officinalis before (b) and after (a) adsorption experiments
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Scanning electron microscopy of the surface of U. intestinalis (E), S. latifolium (S), and C. officinalis before (b) and after (a) adsorption experiments
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Zeta potential of U. intestinalis, S. latifolium, and C. officinalis
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References

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