Alpinia nelumboides Nob.Tanaka, T.T.K.Van & V.Hoang: phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activities of pseudo-stem and rhizome essential oils

Abstract

Alpinia nelumboides Nob.Tanaka, T.T.K.Van & V.Hoang is the new Alpninia species discovered in Vietnam in 2023. Herein, we first hydrodistillated its pseudo-stems and rhizomes to obtain its essential oils, PS-EO and RH-EO. Their volatile compounds and total polyphenols were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the Folin-Ciocalteu method, respectively. Antioxidant activities were determined using four different approaches. The results showed that PS-EO and RH-EO contained 40 and 31 compounds, accounting for 99.78% and 99.45% of their compositions, respectively. The contents of polyphenols and monoterpenes in PS-EO were higher than in RH-EO. RH-EO displayed weaker scavenging activities (17.40-19.53%) than PS-EO (30.81-44.08%). PS-EO also showed higher ferric and cupric reducing powers, with EC₅₀ values of 3.50-5.30 mg/mL smaller than RH-EO's EC₅₀ values of 19.0-23.0 mg/mL. These results first revealed the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activities of EOs from A. nelumboides.

Keywords: Alpinia nelumboides; GC/MS; antioxidant activity; metal-reducing powers; monoterpene; phytochemical composition; scavenging activity.