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Review
. 2023 Aug 31:14:1204585.
doi: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1204585. eCollection 2023.

Green revolution to genome revolution: driving better resilient crops against environmental instability

Rukoo Chawla  1 , Atman Poonia  2 , Kajal Samantara  3 , Sourav Ranjan Mohapatra  4 , S Balaji Naik  5 , M N Ashwath  6 , Ivica G Djalovic  7 , P V Vara Prasad  8
Affiliations
Review

Green revolution to genome revolution: driving better resilient crops against environmental instability

Rukoo Chawla et al. Front Genet. .

Abstract

Crop improvement programmes began with traditional breeding practices since the inception of agriculture. Farmers and plant breeders continue to use these strategies for crop improvement due to their broad application in modifying crop genetic compositions. Nonetheless, conventional breeding has significant downsides in regard to effort and time. Crop productivity seems to be hitting a plateau as a consequence of environmental issues and the scarcity of agricultural land. Therefore, continuous pursuit of advancement in crop improvement is essential. Recent technical innovations have resulted in a revolutionary shift in the pattern of breeding methods, leaning further towards molecular approaches. Among the promising approaches, marker-assisted selection, QTL mapping, omics-assisted breeding, genome-wide association studies and genome editing have lately gained prominence. Several governments have progressively relaxed their restrictions relating to genome editing. The present review highlights the evolutionary and revolutionary approaches that have been utilized for crop improvement in a bid to produce climate-resilient crops observing the consequence of climate change. Additionally, it will contribute to the comprehension of plant breeding succession so far. Investing in advanced sequencing technologies and bioinformatics will deepen our understanding of genetic variations and their functional implications, contributing to breakthroughs in crop improvement and biodiversity conservation.

Keywords: QTL mapping; climate change; genome editing; genome revolution; green revolution; marker-assisted selection; omics-assisted breeding.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Evolution of major breeding techniques and their limitations.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Breeding techniques across eras: tracing advances from tradition to innovation.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Domestication and de-domestication: transformations in plant traits.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Timeline of milestones in mutation breeding.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Comparison of accelerated breeding methods v/s traditional methods.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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