The levels and related factors of posttraumatic growth among nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Nurses often encounter traumatic events in their clinical practice. Trauma can have both negative effects, such as post-traumatic stress disorder and positive effects, such as growth and positive emotions. Posttraumatic growth is beneficial for nurses, as it contributes to positive mental health outcomes and increases life satisfaction. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Our study confirms that nurses commonly experience posttraumatic growth after being exposed to traumatic events, and the level of growth is moderate. We have identified individual, work-related, and social and organizational factors that may influence the occurrence of posttraumatic growth among nurses. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Our findings provide valuable insights for interventions aimed at promoting posttraumatic growth among nurses. It is crucial to consider individual factors, work-related factors, and social and organizational factors when designing these interventions. By addressing these factors, healthcare professionals can support nurses in coping with trauma and facilitate their posttraumatic growth.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: While the negative effects of trauma on nurses have been well-documented, it is equally important to focus on ways to promote posttraumatic growth (PTG) among nurses.

Aim: This study aims to explore the levels and related factors of PTG among nurses.

Method: A comprehensive search was conducted across nine databases up to 26 December 2022. The pooled mean score for PTG was calculated and presented with a 95% confidence interval. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to identify potential moderators of PTG among nurses.

Results: A total of 55 studies, involving 35,621 nurses from 11 countries and regions, were included in this review. The pooled scores of the PTG indicated that nurses experienced a moderate level of PTG (55.69, 95% CI: 50.67-60.72).

Discussion: Nurses commonly experience PTG following exposure to traumatic events, with a moderate level of PTG. Our systematic review highlights the potential determinants of PTG among nurses, including individual, work-related, and social and organizational factors.

Implications for practice: Targeting these factors in interventions can provide nurses with the necessary resources and support to effectively cope with stress and trauma, and potentially facilitate PTG.

Keywords: meta-analysis; nurses; posttraumatic growth; systematic review.