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. 2023 Sep 20:3:e48620.
doi: 10.2196/48620.

The Role of Social Media in Health Misinformation and Disinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Bibliometric Analysis

Funmi Adebesin  1 , Hanlie Smuts  1 , Tendani Mawela  1 , George Maramba  1 , Marie Hattingh  1
Affiliations

The Role of Social Media in Health Misinformation and Disinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Bibliometric Analysis

Funmi Adebesin et al. JMIR Infodemiology. .

Abstract

Background: The use of social media platforms to seek information continues to increase. Social media platforms can be used to disseminate important information to people worldwide instantaneously. However, their viral nature also makes it easy to share misinformation, disinformation, unverified information, and fake news. The unprecedented reliance on social media platforms to seek information during the COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by increased incidents of misinformation and disinformation. Consequently, there was an increase in the number of scientific publications related to the role of social media in disseminating health misinformation and disinformation at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health misinformation and disinformation, especially in periods of global public health disasters, can lead to the erosion of trust in policy makers at best and fatal consequences at worst.

Objective: This paper reports a bibliometric analysis aimed at investigating the evolution of research publications related to the role of social media as a driver of health misinformation and disinformation since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, this study aimed to identify the top trending keywords, niche topics, authors, and publishers for publishing papers related to the current research, as well as the global collaboration between authors on topics related to the role of social media in health misinformation and disinformation since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: The Scopus database was accessed on June 8, 2023, using a combination of Medical Subject Heading and author-defined terms to create the following search phrases that targeted the title, abstract, and keyword fields: ("Health*" OR "Medical") AND ("Misinformation" OR "Disinformation" OR "Fake News") AND ("Social media" OR "Twitter" OR "Facebook" OR "YouTube" OR "WhatsApp" OR "Instagram" OR "TikTok") AND ("Pandemic*" OR "Corona*" OR "Covid*"). A total of 943 research papers published between 2020 and June 2023 were analyzed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation), VOSviewer (Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University), and the Biblioshiny package in Bibliometrix (K-Synth Srl) for RStudio (Posit, PBC).

Results: The highest number of publications was from 2022 (387/943, 41%). Most publications (725/943, 76.9%) were articles. JMIR published the most research papers (54/943, 5.7%). Authors from the United States collaborated the most, with 311 coauthored research papers. The keywords "Covid-19," "social media," and "misinformation" were the top 3 trending keywords, whereas "learning systems," "learning models," and "learning algorithms" were revealed as the niche topics on the role of social media in health misinformation and disinformation during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Conclusions: Collaborations between authors can increase their productivity and citation counts. Niche topics such as "learning systems," "learning models," and "learning algorithms" could be exploited by researchers in future studies to analyze the influence of social media on health misinformation and disinformation during periods of global public health emergencies.

Keywords: COVID-19; bibliometric analysis; fake news; health disinformation; health misinformation; social media.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Source screening process.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Annual publications per publisher (the year 2023 represents data up until June 2023).
Figure 3
Figure 3
VOSviewer visualization of networks of the top 20 authors’ keywords related to the role of social media in health misinformation and disinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Figure 4
Figure 4
VOSviewer visualization of the top 20 countries’ collaboration networks on publications related to the role of social media in health misinformation and disinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Figure 5
Figure 5
VOSviewer visualization accentuating the collaboration networks between the United States and other countries on publications related to the role of social media in health misinformation and disinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Figure 6
Figure 6
VOSviewer visualization accentuating the collaboration networks between South Africa and other countries on publications related to the role of social media in health misinformation and disinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Biblioshiny visualization of thematic mapping of keywords related to the role of social media in health misinformation and disinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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