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Meta-Analysis
. 2023 Sep 4:14:1215879.
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1215879. eCollection 2023.

Prevalence and risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus after COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Chiara Bellia  1   2 , Aikaterini Andreadi  3   4 , Ilenia D'Ippolito  3   4 , Letizia Scola  1   2 , Sonia Barraco  4 , Marco Meloni  4 , Davide Lauro  3   4 , Alfonso Bellia  3   4
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Prevalence and risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus after COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Chiara Bellia et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Aims: After the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the onset of glycemic impairment and diabetes have been reported. Nevertheless, the exact burden of glycemic impairment and diabetes after COVID-19 has not been clearly described.

Materials and methods: Electronic search was run in Pubmed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Scopus, and ClinicalTrial.org for reports published from database inception to September 2022. We included observational studies reporting quantitative data on diabetes prevalence or its onset in subjects with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection from at least 60 days. Risk of bias was assessed by the JBI's critical appraisal checklist. Random effect model was used to calculate pooled data. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022310722).

Results: Among 1,630 records screened, 20 studies were included in the analysis. The mean or median age of participants ranged from ~ 35 to 64 years, with a percentage of males ranging from 28% to 80%. Only two studies were considered at low risk of bias. The estimate of diabetes prevalence, calculated on a total of 320,948 participants pooled with 38,731 cases, was 16% (95%CI: 11-22%). The estimate of proportion of incident cases of diabetes was 1.6% (95%CI: 0.8-2.7%). Subgroup analysis showed that previous hospitalization increased the prevalence of diabetes and the proportion of incident cases.

Conclusion: Diabetes is common in individuals who have experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially if they required hospitalization. This data may be helpful to screen for diabetes and manage its complications in individuals who experienced COVID-19.

Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022310722, identifier CRD42022310722.

Keywords: COVID – 19; SARS-CoV2 (COVID- 19); diabetes; incidence; new onset diabetes; systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA 2020 flow chart for the record screening, review, and inclusion.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Pooled prevalence of diabetes in people with previous infection by SARS-CoV-2.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pooled prevalence of diabetes in patients with previous hospitalization for COVID-19 or from community.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Pooled proportion of new onset diabetes after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Pooled proportion of new onset diabetes in patients with previous hospitalization for COVID-19 or from community.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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