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. 2023 Sep 21;22(1):258.
doi: 10.1186/s12933-023-01984-4.

Cumulative exposure to high remnant-cholesterol concentrations increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with hypertension: a prospective cohort study

Weiqiang Wu  1   2 , Guanzhi Chen  3 , Kuangyi Wu  1   2 , Huancong Zheng  1   2 , Yanjuan Chen  4 , Xianxuan Wang  2 , Zegui Huang  2 , Zefeng Cai  1 , Zhiwei Cai  1   2 , Zhichao Chen  1 , Yulong Lan  1 , Shuohua Chen  5 , Shouling Wu  6 , Youren Chen  7
Affiliations

Cumulative exposure to high remnant-cholesterol concentrations increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with hypertension: a prospective cohort study

Weiqiang Wu et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol. .

Abstract

Background: The relationship of cumulative remnant-cholesterol (Cum-RC) concentration with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with hypertension remains unclear.

Methods: We studied data for 28,698 individuals for whom three consecutive total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride concentrations were available, and who did not have CVD (14,349 with hypertension and 14,349 without), that was collected between 2006 and 2010. Participants with hypertension were placed into four groups based on Cum-RC quartile: a Q1 group (< 26.40 mg/dl), a Q2 group (26.40-39.56 mg/dl), a Q3 group (39.57-54.65 mg/dl), and a Q4 group (≥ 54.66 mg/dl). Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the relationship between Cum-RC and the risk of CVD.

Results: Over a median 10.9 (interquartile range, 10.5-11.3) years, 1,444 participants with hypertension developed CVD. After adjustment for multiple potential confounding factors, and compared with the Q1 Cum-RC group of the participants with hypertension, the adjusted hazard ratios for CVD for the Q2-Q4 groups were 1.07(0.92,1.26), 1.08(0.91,1.28), and 1.26(1.03,1.54) (P = 0.0405); those for myocardial infarction were 1.51(1.00,2.31), 2.02(1.22,3.27), and 2.08(1.41,3.28) (P < 0.0001); and those for ischemic stroke were 1.02(0.84,1.24), 1.04(0.86,1.25), and 1.29(1.02,1.62), respectively (P = 0.0336). However, no significant relationship was found between Cum-RC and the risk of hemorrhage stroke. At the same Cum-RC, the risk of CVD was significantly higher in participants with hypertension than in those without.

Conclusions: A consistently high remnant-cholesterol concentration increases the risk of CVD in individuals with hypertension. Therefore, the achievement of blood pressure and RC concentration targets should help reduce the risk of CVD in individuals with hypertension.

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Cumulative exposure; Hypertension; Remnant cholesterol.

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Conflict of interest statement

None of the authors have any conflict of interest regarding any aspect of this work.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow chart for the inclusion of participants in the study
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Kaplan–Meier analysis of cumulative RC and incidence rate of CVD in participants with hypertension
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Stratified analysis of the relationship between cumulative RC and CVD in participants with hypertension The data were adjusted for age, sex, SBP, LDL-C, HDL-C, BMI, hs-CRP, eGFR, family history of CVD, smoking status, alcohol consumption habits, physical exercise habits, diabetes, the use of antihypertensive drugs, the use of glucose-lowering drugs, the use of lipid-lowering drugs, and the RC at baseline
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