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. 2024 Jan;12(1):231-237.
doi: 10.1007/s43390-023-00752-4. Epub 2023 Sep 22.

Quantifying a novel three-dimensional marker of scoliosis

Toren Arginteanu  1   2   3 , Ryan S Gallagher  1 , Austin J Borja  1 , Gregory Glauser  1 , Lachlan J Smith  1   2   4 , Saba Pasha  5 , Dennis DeTurck  3 , Neil R Malhotra  6   7   8
Affiliations

Quantifying a novel three-dimensional marker of scoliosis

Toren Arginteanu et al. Spine Deform. 2024 Jan.

Abstract

Background: Scoliosis causes abnormal spinal curvature and torsional rotation of the vertebrae and has implications for human suffering and societal cost. In differential geometry, Writhe describes three-dimensional curvature. Differential geometric quantities can inform better diagnostic metrics of scoliotic deformity. This evaluation could help physicians and researchers study scoliosis and determine treatments.

Methods: Eight adult lumbar spine CT scans were analyzed in custom MATLAB programs to estimate Writhe and Cobb angle. Five patients exhibited scoliotic curvature, and three controls were asymptomatic. Vertebral centroids in three-dimensional space were determined, and Writhe was approximated. A T-test determined whether the affected spines had greater Writhe than the controls. Cohen's D test was used to determine effect size.

Results: Writhe of scoliotic spines (5.4E-4 ± 2.7E-4) was significantly higher than non-scoliotic spines (8.2E-5 ± 1.1E-4; p = 0.008).

Conclusion: Writhe, a measure of curvature derived from 3D imaging, is significantly greater in scoliotic than in non-scoliotic spines. Future directions must include more subjects and examine writhe as a marker of scoliosis severity, progression, and response to treatment.

Keywords: Biomechanics; Differential geometry; Scoliosis; Spine.

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