An updated patent review of metallo-β-lactamase inhibitors (2020-2023)

Abstract

Introduction: Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are enzymes produced by bacteria that confer resistance to most β-lactam antibiotics, including carbapenems, which have the broadest spectrum of activity. This resistance mechanism poses a significant threat to public health as it drastically reduces treatment options for severe bacterial infections. Developing effective inhibitors against MBLs is crucial to restore susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics.

Areas covered: This review aims to provide an updated analysis of patents describing novel MBL inhibitors and their potential therapeutic applications that were filed between January 2020 and May 2023.

Expert opinion: Significant advancements were made in the development of selective MBL inhibitors with zinc-binding and zinc-chelating mechanisms of action. Dual inhibitors, targeting simultaneously both serine-β-lactamases (SBLs) and MBLs, represent an interesting alternative approach that is increasingly pertinent for the treatment of infections involving multiple β-lactamases from different Ambler classes. Most examples of MBL-specific inhibitors were focused on the treatment of MBL-mediated infections in Enterobacterales, where IMP-1 was a more difficult target compared with VIM-1 or NDM-1, and much less on Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Acinetobacter baumannii, which are more challenging to address.

Keywords: Class B; MBLs; antibiotic resistance; carbapenems; inhibitors; metallo-β-lactamases; patents.