Tritium Beta Spectrum Measurement and Neutrino Mass Limit from Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy

A Ashtari Esfahani¹, S Böser², N Buzinsky³, M C Carmona-Benitez⁴, C Claessens^{1

2}, L de Viveiros⁴, P J Doe¹, M Fertl², J A Formaggio³, J K Gaison⁵, L Gladstone⁶, M Grando⁵, M Guigue⁷, J Hartse¹, K M Heeger⁸, X Huyan⁵, J Johnston³, A M Jones⁵, K Kazkaz⁹, B H LaRoque⁵, M Li³, A Lindman², E Machado¹, A Marsteller¹, C Matthé², R Mohiuddin⁶, B Monreal⁶, R Mueller⁴, J A Nikkel⁸, E Novitski¹, N S Oblath⁵, J I Peña³, W Pettus¹⁰, R Reimann², R G H Robertson¹, D Rosa De Jesús⁵, G Rybka¹, L Saldaña⁸, M Schram⁵, P L Slocum⁸, J Stachurska³, Y-H Sun⁶, P T Surukuchi⁸, J R Tedeschi⁵, A B Telles⁸, F Thomas², M Thomas⁵, L A Thorne², T Thümmler¹¹, L Tvrznikova⁹, W Van De Pontseele³, B A VanDevender^{1

5}, J Weintroub¹², T E Weiss⁸, T Wendler⁴, A Young¹², E Zayas³, A Ziegler⁴; Project 8 Collaboration

Affiliations

¹ Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
² Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
³ Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
⁴ Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
⁵ Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA.
⁶ Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
⁷ Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France.
⁸ Wright Laboratory and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
⁹ Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
¹⁰ Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
¹¹ Institute of Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
¹² Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

PMID: 37739382
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.102502

Tritium Beta Spectrum Measurement and Neutrino Mass Limit from Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy

A Ashtari Esfahani et al. Phys Rev Lett. 2023.

. 2023 Sep 8;131(10):102502.

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.102502.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
² Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
³ Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
⁴ Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
⁵ Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA.
⁶ Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
⁷ Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France.
⁸ Wright Laboratory and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
⁹ Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
¹⁰ Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
¹¹ Institute of Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
¹² Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

PMID: 37739382
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.102502

Abstract

The absolute scale of the neutrino mass plays a critical role in physics at every scale, from the subatomic to the cosmological. Measurements of the tritium end-point spectrum have provided the most precise direct limit on the neutrino mass scale. In this Letter, we present advances by Project 8 to the cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) technique culminating in the first frequency-based neutrino mass limit. With only a cm^{3}-scale physical detection volume, a limit of m_{β}<155 eV/c^{2} (152 eV/c^{2}) is extracted from the background-free measurement of the continuous tritium beta spectrum in a Bayesian (frequentist) analysis. Using ^{83m}Kr calibration data, a resolution of 1.66±0.19 eV (FWHM) is measured, the detector response model is validated, and the efficiency is characterized over the multi-keV tritium analysis window. These measurements establish the potential of CRES for a high-sensitivity next-generation direct neutrino mass experiment featuring low background and high resolution.

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Tritium Beta Spectrum Measurement and Neutrino Mass Limit from Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy

Affiliations

Tritium Beta Spectrum Measurement and Neutrino Mass Limit from Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

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