Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Aug;52(8):1578-1588.
doi: 10.18502/ijph.v52i8.13397.

Case-Control Trials on Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Yan Yang  1 , Jianwei Shi  2 , Jiaoling Huang  2 , Mingwang Cheng  1 , Shasha Geng  3 , Wenya Yu  2 , Ning Chen  2 , Chen Chen  4 , Zhaoxin Wang  5   6
Affiliations
Review

Case-Control Trials on Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Yan Yang et al. Iran J Public Health. 2023 Aug.

Abstract

Background: The single risk factors of pancreatic cancer (PC) has been extensively studied. We aimed to synthesize results from such studies to identify and estimate multiple independent risk factors of PC.

Methods: Articles published up to Feb 28, 2020 in English or Chinese reporting risk factors of PC were reviewed. The fixed-effects model with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to calculate the pooled Odds Ratio (OR). Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3.

Results: PC was significantly associated with smoking (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.61-1.92, P < 0.00001, I2 = 6%), diabetes (OR: 2.69, 95% CI: 2.52-2.88, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%), family history of PC (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 2.13-3.11, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%), and chronic pancreatitis (OR: 5.84, 95% CI: 3.63-9.41, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%).

Conclusion: Smoking, diabetes, family history of PC, and chronic pancreatitis were independent risk factors for PC. These independent risk factors have an important role in identifying high-risk groups, which is of great significance to reduce the incidence of PC and improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients.

Keywords: Case-control trials; Meta-analysis; Pancreatic cancer; Risk factor; Systemic review.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Fig. 1:
Fig. 1:
Flow chart of study selection
Fig. 2:
Fig. 2:
Results of a meta-analysis on the risk of pancreatic cancer associated with smoking (A), diabetes (B), family history of PC (C) and chronic pancreatitis (D)
Fig. 3:
Fig. 3:
Publication bias of literature describing the association between smoking and PC tested by funnel plot
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Siegel RL, Jemal A, Wender RC, et al. (2018). An assessment of progress in cancer control. CA Cancer J Clin, 68(5):329–339. - PubMed
    1. Rahib L, Smith BD, Aizenberg R, et al. (2014). Projecting cancer incidence and deaths to 2030: the unexpected burden of thyroid, liver, and pancreas cancers in the United States. Cancer Res, 74(11):2913–21. - PubMed
    1. Hausmann S, Kong B, Michalski C, et al. (2014). The role of inflammation in pancreatic cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol, 816:129–51. - PubMed
    1. Grubb MCM, Kilbourne B, Kilbourne K, et al. (2017). Socioeconomic, environmental, and geographic factors and us lung cancer mortality, 1999–2009. Family Med & Community Health, 5(1):3–12.
    1. Lin Y, Tamakoshi A, Kawamura T, et al. (2002). A prospective cohort study of cigarette smoking and pancreatic cancer in Japan. Cancer Causes Control, 13(3):249–54. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources