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. 2023 Aug 20;48(3):107-110.
doi: 10.1584/jpestics.D23-015.

Fenoxycarb, a carbamate insect growth regulator, inhibits brassinosteroid action

Shinsaku Ito  1 , Kojiro Kawada  1 , Yasumasa Saeki  1 , Takeshi Nakano  2 , Yasuyuki Sasaki  1 , Shunsuke Yajima  1
Affiliations

Fenoxycarb, a carbamate insect growth regulator, inhibits brassinosteroid action

Shinsaku Ito et al. J Pestic Sci. .

Abstract

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroid hormones that regulate plant growth, development, and stress resistance. In this study, we evaluated the effect of agrochemicals on dark-induced hypocotyl elongation, which is regulated by BRs, to identify novel chemicals that regulate BR action. We found that the juvenile hormone agonist fenoxycarb inhibited dark-induced hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis. Treatment with the same class of juvenile hormone agonist, pyriproxyfen, did not affect hypocotyl elongation. Co-treatment with fenoxycarb and BR partly canceled the fenoxycarb-induced hypocotyl suppression. In addition, gene expression analysis revealed that fenoxycarb altered the BR-responsive gene expression. These results indicate that fenoxycarb is a BR action inhibitor.

Keywords: Arabidopsis; brassinosteroid; fenoxycarb; insect growth regulator.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interestDeclarations of interest: none

Figures

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Fig. 1. Effect of fenoxycarb on dark-induced hypocotyl elongation. (A) Effect of insecticide and insect growth regulators (3 µM) on dark-induced hypocotyl elongation. The data are the mean±S.D. (n=13–52). (B) Structures of fenoxycarb and pyriproxyfen. (C) Dose-response of fenoxycarb in dark-induced hypocotyl elongation. Scale bar: 1 cm. The data are the mean±S.D. (n=16–20). (D) Effect of fenoxycarb, pyriproxyfen, and natural juvenile hormone on dark-induced hypocotyl elongation. Fen: fenoxycarb, Pyri: pyriproxyfen, JH: juvenile hormone III. The data are the mean±S.D. (n=18–45). ** denotes a statistically significant difference from hypocotyl length in mock-treated (DMSO or Mock) plants (Dunnett’s test; p<0.01).
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Fig. 2. Effects of fenoxycarb on BL-treated WT and bil1-1D/bzr1-1D mutant. N.D.: not determined, Fen: fenoxycarb. The data are the mean±S.D. (n=14–28). ** denotes a statistically significant difference from hypocotyl length in 0 nM BL-treated (A) and WT (B) plants (t-test; p<0.01).
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Fig. 3. Gene expression analysis of fenoxycarb treated Arabidopsis seedlings. The data are the mean±S.D. (n=5). Fen: 30 µM fenoxycarb. * and ** denote a statistically significant difference from hypocotyl length in mock-treated (DMSO) plants (t-test; p<0.05 and 0.01, respectively).
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