Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among Patients With Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Global studies have observed a disparity in the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among diabetic patients.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence, types, and correlates of CAM use among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Saudi Arabia.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1290 Saudis with type 2 DM aged ≥18 years. An electronic questionnaire was distributed through social media to collect data about patient demographics and DM-related characteristics, including age at DM diagnosis, DM duration, family history of DM, DM complications, DM medicine, and chronic diseases. The use of CAM and its type, cost, and duration; sources of CAM-related information; reason for using CAM; usefulness and side effects; CAM use in the future; and doctor consultation before CAM use were also evaluated. Among CAM non-users, the reason for not using CAM and future considerations of CAM were assessed.

Results: A total of 1290 patients were included (27.4%) aged 18-29 years; 726 (56.3%) were women; 554 (42.9%) had a bachelor's degree in education; and 457 (35.4%) were unemployed. The prevalence of CAM use was 528 (40.9%). The most commonly used types were bitter apple 503 (95.3%), cinnamon 341 (64.6%), and ginger 290 (55.1%). The most frequent sources of CAM-related information were friends, families, and neighbors 259 (49.2%), while the most frequent justifications for use were the need for another DM treatment and faith in its advantages. Only 106 (20.1%) of the patients who used CAM disclosed adverse effects; 373 (51.8%) said they would use it again, and 66.1% said they would recommend it to other patients. Only 145 (27.5%) consulted a doctor before using CAM. CAM was more commonly used by patients who were older, women, married, and taking hypoglycemic drugs; whose most recent HbA1c level was 7-10%; and who had dyslipidemia, chronic disease, and a family history of DM.

Conclusion: The prevalence of CAM use is high among the Saudi population. Analyzing CAM use is essential in clinical interactions with Saudis with DM. The managing healthcare professionals must educate patients with DM on how to use CAM more effectively and safely.

Keywords: community-based; complementary and alternative; cross-sectional; diabetes mellitus; patients; saudi.

Figure 1. Percentage distribution of the participants according to complementary and alternative medicine use to treat diabetes since being diagnosed with diabetes (no.:1290)

Figure 2. Percentage distribution of complementary and alternative medicine type among complementary and alternative medicine users (no.:528)

N.B.: More than one answer was allowed

Figure 3. Relationship between complementary and alternative medicine use and having a chronic disease other than diabetes mellitus (no.:1290)

N.B.: (χ2 = 4.7, p-value = 0.03)

Figure 4. Relationship between complementary and alternative medicine use and having a family history of diabetes (no.:1290)

N.B.: (χ2 = 17.82, p-value ≤ 0.001)